【正文】 本 科 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論文） 題目 基于 PLC的機(jī)械小車運(yùn)料自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng) 院（系部） 專業(yè)名稱 年級(jí)班級(jí) 學(xué)生姓名 指導(dǎo)教師 2022 年 5 月 14 日 年 摘要 早期的機(jī)械運(yùn)料小車電氣控制系統(tǒng)大多為繼電器接觸器組成的復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)，這種系統(tǒng)存在設(shè)計(jì)周期長(zhǎng)、體積大、成本高等缺點(diǎn)，幾乎無數(shù)據(jù)處理和通信功能，還必須有專人負(fù)責(zé)操作。將PLC應(yīng)用到機(jī)械運(yùn)料小車電氣控制系統(tǒng)，可實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械運(yùn)料小車的自動(dòng)化控制，降低系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行費(fèi)用，節(jié)省勞力。PLC機(jī)械運(yùn)料小車電氣控制系統(tǒng)具有連線簡(jiǎn)單、控制速度快，精度高，可靠性和可維護(hù)性好，安裝、維修和改造方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 本設(shè)計(jì)以PLC控制技術(shù)為核心，采用德國(guó)西門子S7200的PLC,論述了機(jī)械運(yùn)料小車控制系統(tǒng)的軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)方案及其控制原理，實(shí)現(xiàn)了機(jī)械運(yùn)料小車的自動(dòng)控制。通過實(shí)際應(yīng)用，說明所設(shè)計(jì)的控制系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行可靠，滿足了實(shí)際需要。關(guān)鍵詞：PLC 機(jī)械運(yùn)料小車 自動(dòng)化控制 AbstractMost of the early mechanical the car transporter electrical control system relay contactor plex system posed of, such a system design cycle, bulky, cost disadvantages, almost no data processing and munications functions, there must also be the person responsible for the operation. PLC application to mechanical car transporter electrical control system can achieve the mechanical car transporter automation control, reduce system operating costs, laborsaving. PLC mechanical car transporter electrical control system has a simple connection, control speed, high precision, reliability and maintainability, easy installation, maintenance and renovation. The design of PLC control technology as the core, with Germany39。s Siemens S7200 PLC, discusses the mechanical car transporter control system hardware and software design and its control principle, to achieve a mechanical automatic control of the car transporter. Through the practical application of the design of the control system is reliable, meet the actual needs.Key words: PLC mechanical car transporter automation control目 錄前 言 ............................................................................................1 設(shè)計(jì)背景及意義 ..................................................................1 設(shè)計(jì)取得的成果 ..................................................................32 PLC概述 .....................................................................................4 PLC的產(chǎn)生與定義 ...............................................................4 PLC的產(chǎn)生 ...................................................................4 PLC的定義 ...................................................................4 PLC的發(fā)展及趨勢(shì) ...............................................................5 PLC的特點(diǎn)及其功能 ...........................................................7 PLC的基本特點(diǎn) ...........................................................7 PLC的功能 ...................................................................8 PLC與 DCS、工業(yè) PC ...................................................8 PLC的基本組成及其各部分作用 .......................................9 PLC的工作原理 .................................................................11 PLC的工作過程 .................................................................123 方案設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................13 方案的比較 ........................................................................13 系統(tǒng)描述 ............................................................................14 控制要求 ............................................................................14 主要電氣元件的配置 ........................................................15 PLC機(jī)型的選擇 .................................................................174 PLC控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................194．1 系統(tǒng)主回路與控制回路的設(shè)計(jì) ......................................19 .............................................................19 系統(tǒng)主回路設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................19總體電路圖見附錄 1 ................................................................20 機(jī)械運(yùn)料小車控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)原理 ................................20 PLC的外部接線圖 .............................................................22根據(jù)機(jī)械運(yùn)料小車的工作原理和 I/O地址分配表畫出 PLC的外部接線圖，如下: .............................................................225 PLC控制系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................24 S7程序設(shè)計(jì)的基本步驟 ...................................................24 控制系統(tǒng)的順序功能圖 ....................................................24 控制系統(tǒng)的梯形圖 ............................................................257 STEP7MICRO/WIN編程軟件的應(yīng)用 .......................................27結(jié)束語 ..............................................................................