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高中句子成分結(jié)構(gòu)分析(已修改)

2025-06-28 20:04 本頁面
 

【正文】 句子成分表示一個完整概念的語言單位叫做句子。組成句子的各個部分(單詞或詞組等)叫做句子成分,句子成分有主語,謂語,賓語,表語,定語,狀語,賓語補(bǔ)足語和同位語等,主語和謂語是句子的主要成分,其他為次要成分。知識點(diǎn)1:主語 主語(subject) 是一個句子的主題( theme), 是句子所述說的主體。它的位置一般在一句之首??捎米髦髡Z的有單詞、短語、從句乃至句子。1.名詞作主語。 如:A tree has fallen across the road. Little streams feed big rivers. 2.代詞用作主語。如:You’re not far wrong. He told a joke but it fell flat. 3.?dāng)?shù)詞用作主語。如:Three is enough. Four minus three is one. 4.名詞化的形容詞用作主語。 The old need help.5.不定式用作主語。 如:To find your way can be a problem. It would be nice to see him again. 6.動名詞用作主語。如:Smoking is bad for you. Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work. 7. 名詞化的過去分詞用作主語。如:The disabled are to receive more money. The deceased died of old age. 8. 介詞短語用作主語。如:To Beijing is not very far. 到北京不很遠(yuǎn)。From Yenan to Nanniwan was a threehour ride on horseback. 從延安到南泥灣要三個小時(shí)。 。如: Whenever you are ready will be fine. Whether we go or not depends on your father.。如:”How do you do ?” is a greeting.“你好”是一句問候語。知識點(diǎn)2:謂語 謂語(predicate) 或謂語動詞(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主語之后。謂語由簡單動詞或動詞短語(助動詞或情態(tài)動詞+主要動詞)構(gòu)成。 1.由簡單的動詞構(gòu)成。 (1). What happened? (2). He worked hard all day today. (3). The plane took off at ten o’clock. 2.由動詞短語構(gòu)成的謂語。 (1). I am reading. (2). What’s been keeping you all this time? (3). You can do it if you try hard. 3.英語常用某些動作名詞代替表動態(tài)的謂語動詞,表生動。這種動作名詞之前常用沒有多大意義的動詞have, get, take, give 等。如: (1). I had a swim yesterday. (had a swim 代替了swam) (2). Take a look at that! (take a look 代替了 look) (3). He gave a sigh. (gave a sigh 代替了sighed) (4). I got a good shakeup.(a good shakeup 代替了was shaken up thoroughly(充分,徹底的)) 知識點(diǎn)3:表語 表語的功能是表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。它也可以說是一種主語補(bǔ)語。它位于聯(lián)系動詞之后,與之構(gòu)成所謂的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。在系表結(jié)構(gòu)中,聯(lián)系動詞只是形式上的謂語,二真正起謂語作用的則是表語??梢宰鞅碚Z的詞有:名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語、從句等。 1.The wedding was that Sunday. (名詞) 2.So that’s that. (代詞) 3.We are seven. (數(shù)詞) 4.Are you busy? (形容詞) 5.Are you there? (電話用語)(副詞) Is anybody in? (副詞) 6.All I could do was to wait. (不定式) My answer to his threat(威脅) was to hit him on the nose.(不定式) 7.Complimenting(贊美,祝賀) is lying.(動名詞) Is that asking so much? (動名詞) 8.I was so much surprised at it. (過分) I’m very pleased with what he has done. (過分) 9.She is in good health. (介詞短語) The show is from seven till ten. (介詞短語) 10.Is that why you were angry? (從句) 11.This is where I first met her. (從句) 【補(bǔ)充】 能做系動詞的實(shí)義動詞: e , go , run, turn ,get , bee , keep , stay , make (表變化的動詞) fell,sound ,smell , look , taste (感觀動詞) seem, appear (似乎,好像) 例如: 1.Our dream has e true. (Come后常加 easy ,loose natural 等) 2. He fell sick. Keep fit. Keep作為系動詞還常接quiet ,calm ,cool, well, warm ,silent,clean,dry 3.The well ran dry. (short , loose , wild , cold 等) 4.A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is. 知識點(diǎn)4:賓語 賓語(object)在句中主要充當(dāng)動作的承受者,因此一般皆置于及物動詞之后。如: Our team beat all the others. 可以用作賓語的有:名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的分詞、從句等。 1.Do you like a drink? (名詞) 2.They won’t hurt us. (代詞) 3.If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. (數(shù)詞)。 4.I shall do my possible. (名詞化形容詞) 5.He left there last week. (副詞) 6.Does she really mean to leave home? (不定式) 7.He never did the unexpected.(名詞化的分詞) 8.Do you understand what I mean? (從句) 【擴(kuò)展】 賓語中有些動詞需要兩個同等的賓語,即直接賓語(direct object)與間接賓語(indirect object)。直接賓語一般指
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