【正文】 Molecular Microbial Ecology Manual 1. Simplified protocols for the preparation of genomic DNA from bacterial cultures 2. Extraction of ribosomal RNA from microbial cultures 3. Extraction of microbial DNA from aquatic sources: Marine environments 4. Extraction of microbial DNA from aquatic sources: Freshwater 5. Methods for extracting DNA from microbial mats and cultivated microanisms: high molecular weight DNA from French press lysis 6. Extraction of microbial DNA from aquatic sediments 7. Extraction of microbial RNA from aquatic sources: Marine environments 8. Extraction of total RNA and DNA from bacterioplankton 9. Methods for extracting RNA or ribosomes from microbial mats and cultivated microanisms 10. Cell extraction method 11. DNA and RNA extraction from soil 12. Rapid simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA from bulk and rhizosphere soil 13. Direct Extraction of Fungal DNA from Soil 14. Purification of microbial genes from soil and rhizosphere by magic capture hybridization and subsequent amplification of target genes by PCR 15. Direct ribosome isolation from soil 16. DNA Extraction from Actinorhizal Nodules 17. Quantification of nucleic acids 18. Quantification of nucleic acids from aquatic environments by using greenfluorescent dyes and microtiter plates 19. Degradation and turnover of extracellular DNA in marine sediments 20. Incorporation of thymidine into DNA of soil bacteria 21. Preparation of radioactive probes 22. Detection of Nucleic Acids by Chemiluminescence 23. Parameters of nucleic acid hybridization experiments 24. Detection and quantification of microbial DNA sequences in soil by Southern and dot/slot blot hybridization 25. Detection of microbial DNA sequences by colony hybridization 26. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of soil microbial DNA 27. Detection of microbial nucleic acids by polymerase chain reaction in aquatic samples 28. Isolation and detection of bacterial DNA sequences in dairy products 29. Quantitative PCR of environmental samples 30. Molecular beacons for homogeneous realtime monitoring of amplification products 31. Detection and enumeration of soil bacteria using the MPNPCR technique 32. Detection of mRNA and rRNA via reverse transcription and PCR in soil 33. Amplification of ribosomal RNA sequences 34. Cloning 16S rRNA genes and utilization to type bacterial munities 35. SARST, Serial Analysis of Ribosomal Sequence Tags 36. Oligonucleotide Fingerprinting of Ribosomal RNA Genes (OFRG) 37. Genotyping of bacterial isolates from the environment using LowMolecularWeight RNA fingerprints 38. Characterization of the diversity of ecologically important microbes by repPCR genomic fingerprinting 39. Genomic Fingerprinting of Microanisms by AFLP(TM) and ERICanchor PCR 40. The use of pulsedfield gel electrophoresis to study bacteria recovered from the environment 41. Easy individual strain and munity typing by rDNA ITS1 analysis 42. In situ PCR methodologies for visualization of microscale geic and taxonomic diversities of prokaryotic munities 43. Sensitive multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization for the identification of environmental microanisms 44. Use of Cloned Artificial Targets for FISH (catFISH) for the optimization of oligonucleotide probe hybridization conditions with 16S rRNA clones for in situ quantification of uncultivated prokaryotic cells 45. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) in microbial ecology 46. Fungal Community Analysis using PCR Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) 47. The Analysis of Microbial Communities with Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (TRFLP) 48. Microbial munity analysis by PCRsinglestrand conformation polymorphism (PCRSSCP) 49. Isolation of high molecular weight genomic DNA from soil bacteria for genomic library construction 50. Use of Biolog(R) for the Community Level Physiological Profiling (CLPP) of environmental samples 51. Fluorescent staining of microbes for total direct counts 52. Detection of microbes by Scanning Confocal Laser Microscopy (SCLM) 53. Production of antimicrobial antibodies and their utilization in studies of microbial autecology by immunofluorescence microscopy and in situ CMEIAS image analysis 54. The slide immunoenzymatic assay (SIA): A simple and low cost system suitable for detecting waterborne microbes without the need for sophisticated technological infrastructure 55. In situ hybridization to detect microbial messenger RNA in plant tissues 56. Fatty acid analysis in the identification, taxonomy and ecology of (plant pathogenic) bacteria 57. Determination of microbial munity structure using phospholipid fatty acid profiles 58. Respiratory lipoquinones as biomarkers 59. Environmental Proteomics: Methods and Applications for Aquatic Ecosystems 60. Natural transformation in aquatic environments 61. Natural transformation in soil: microcosm studies 62. Plasmid Transfer in Aquatic Environments 63. Conjugation in the epilithon 64. Detection of bacterial conjugation in soil 65. Transduction in the aquatic environment 66. Phage ecology and geic exchange in soil 67. Lac as a marker gene to track microbes in the environment 68. XylE as a marker gene for microanisms 69. GUS as a marker to track microbes 70. The celB marker gene 71. Visualisation of microbes and their interactions in the rhizosphere using auto fluorescent proteins as markers 72. Identification of bacteria by their intrinsic sequences: Probe design and testing of their specificity 73. Subtraction hybridization for the production of high specificity DNA probes 74. Considerations for the use of functional markers and field release of geically engineered microanisms to soils and plants 75. Application of ecological diversity statistics in microbial ecology 76. Sampl