【正文】
初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解在中考單項(xiàng)選擇試題中,除了時(shí)態(tài),名詞的考查頻率也較高。一般考查以下幾點(diǎn): 一、 可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞在可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞上一般出現(xiàn)這樣幾類,(1)分辨是哪一類名詞,并根據(jù)結(jié)論做選擇。(2)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化。(3)不可數(shù)名詞的量化表達(dá)。所以,考生首先要能夠明確哪些是可數(shù)名詞,哪些是不可數(shù)名詞。其次,還要知道可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則。可數(shù)名詞的變化規(guī)則一般是在單詞后面加s 或es,如:1deskdesks bedbeds pianopianos hathats bagbags photophotos 2busbuses boxboxes watchwatches brushbrushes3tomatotomatoes potatopotatoesheroheroes NegroNegroes 4 leafleaves knifeknives5babybabies familyfamilies另外,還要記住一些特殊的名詞的變化形式,如:ChineseChinese JapaneseJapaneseEnglishmanEnglishmen FrenchmanFrenchmenRussianRussians AmericanAmericans German Germanschildchildren footfeet manmen womanwomen toothteeth goose geesedeerdeer sheepsheep還要掌握不可數(shù)名詞的量化表達(dá)有: a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of 另外,大家應(yīng)注意:?jiǎn)螖?shù)集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“數(shù)的”變化:?jiǎn)螖?shù)集合名詞如class, police, family, school, group, team等。盡管形式上是單數(shù),意義上都是復(fù)數(shù),因此,一般要與復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用,例如:Class Five have a foreign friend. 五班有一位外國(guó)朋友。(這里的五班指五班的同學(xué)的。)His family are good to me. 他的家人對(duì)我很好。(很顯然,這里的family指家庭成員。)當(dāng)上述集合名詞著重指“整體”時(shí), 意義上則是單數(shù),因此,要與單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用。例如,Our school team often plays well in our city. 我們的校隊(duì)經(jīng)常在我們市踢得很好。(這里的team 指整個(gè)隊(duì),但意義上仍為單數(shù),故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用plays. 初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解二、名詞所有格名詞所有格有兩種形式:一是加’s,一種是用of來(lái)表示。一般情況下,指某人的某物用’s表示,而指某物的什么用of 短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。另外,要注意凡是以s結(jié)尾的名詞或規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù),不能直接加’s,而應(yīng)該加’即可。例如,boys’ clothes girls’ dresses。 不過,注意例外情況,例如, the boss’s handwriting,其中the boss’s 的’s不可省略。因?yàn)樵谟⒄Z(yǔ)中,如果以s 或ss 結(jié)尾的名詞不是復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形式,那么其名詞所有格仍加‘s。那么你會(huì)說“瓊斯的小汽車”嗎?對(duì),Jones’s car。 下面我們來(lái)做一部分習(xí)題。1. June 1st is ___ Day.A. Child’s B. Childs’ C. Childrens’ D. Children’s答案:D2. I need ___ paper, Mum. I want to write ___ letter to my English teacher.A. any, some B. some, a C. a, some D. some,any答案:B3. There are two ___ and three ___ on the table.A. knifes, forks B. knifes, fork C. knives, forkes D. knives, forks答案:D4. We have got a lot of___ today.A. newspaper to read B. homework to do C. homeworks to doD. book to read答案:B5. We could see __ children and hear ___ noise in the park.A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, many答案:C6. Will you pass me ___?A. a few pieces of chalk B. a few chalks C. a few of chalks D. some chalks答案:A7. ___ has been invited to the dancing party.A. A friend of her B. A friend of hers C. Friends of hers D. Friends of her答案:B下面請(qǐng)大家自己練習(xí)一下。1. September 10th is ___ Day.A. the Teacher B. Teachers’ C. Teacher D. Teacher’s答案:B2. Can I help you, sir?I’d like to have 100___. I want the students to draw pictures on them.A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. papers D. paper答案:B3. Would you like ___ milk, please?No, thank you. I still have some.A. some more B. an C. a little of D. all答案:A4. ___ the old woman is in!A. What good health B. How a good health C. What a good health D. How good health答案:A① What + a(n) + 形容詞 + 單數(shù)名詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)?、? What + 形容詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)?、? What + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)?、? How + 形容詞/副詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)?、? How + 形容詞 + a(n) + 名詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)?、? How + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)! 5. I’m going to help ___ with ___ English.A. a friend of Nancy, hers B. a friend of Nancy’s, her C. a friend of Nancy’s, hers D. a friend of Nancy, her答案:B6. The two desks here are ___. You may use the desk over there.A. Mary and Jane B. Marys and Janes C. Mary and Jane’sD. Mary’s and Jane’s答案:D初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法形容詞講解及練習(xí)1. 有些表語(yǔ)形容詞前不可用very,而要用much,very much等副詞,如用much afraid,fast asleep。2. alive也可用定語(yǔ)形容詞,常后置。He is the oldest man alive。3. 名詞化的形容詞用于指人時(shí),應(yīng)看作是復(fù)數(shù),用于指物時(shí),表示整體抽象概念,應(yīng)看作是單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單三:The old like a quiet place。The unusual is not always the best。4. 名詞化的形容詞連在一起使用時(shí)可省略冠詞:Old and young should hepl each other。5. 當(dāng)有兩個(gè)以上的形容詞用來(lái)修飾一名詞時(shí),其順序如下:限定詞(冠詞,物主代詞,指示代詞,不定代詞)→數(shù)詞(序數(shù)詞,基數(shù)詞)→表性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)的描繪形容詞(短語(yǔ)在前,長(zhǎng)語(yǔ)在后)→表特征的形容詞(大小、長(zhǎng)短、形狀、新舊、年齡、溫度)→表顏色的形容詞→表屬性的形容詞(包括國(guó)籍等專有名詞)→表材料、質(zhì)地的形容詞→名詞性定語(yǔ)(包括名詞、動(dòng)名詞)+ 名詞:the last four beautiful big new blue Spanish wooden citizen houses6. good的反義詞是bad,而well的反義詞是ill。7. elder和eldest是用來(lái)表示家族關(guān)系的長(zhǎng)幼順序,只作定語(yǔ)形容詞。而older和oldest是用來(lái)表示年齡的比較,以及事物的新舊,既可作定語(yǔ)形容詞,也可作表語(yǔ)形容詞。8. later和latest指時(shí)間的先后,但latter和last指順序的先后。9. farther和farthest主要反映“距離”或“時(shí)間”的比較,表示“較遠(yuǎn)的”“最遠(yuǎn)的”。而further和furthest主要指“程度”,表示“進(jìn)一步的”和“最大限度的”。10. A 兩者比較,表示一方高于另一方:比較級(jí)+thanB 兩者比較,表示同樣的程度:as + 原級(jí) +asC 兩者比較,表示一方不如另一方:not so(as)+原級(jí)+asD 兩者比較,表示一方程度淺一些:less + 原級(jí) + thanE 用于三者或三者以上,表示其中一方最…:the + 最高級(jí) + 比較范圍11. 某人或某物在與同類相比時(shí),這個(gè)“某人或物”應(yīng)排除在被比者之外,常需用到other,else。12. 比較級(jí)前可用MANY,MUCH,FAR,A BIT, A LITTLE, A GREAT DEAL OF, A LOT等詞表示程度或差別。13. 同一人或物,比較其兩種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài),不管形容詞是單音節(jié)或多音節(jié),一律用more…than:He is more wise than diligent。14. 特殊用法:比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)(越來(lái)越…) When spring es, it gets warmer and warmer.She is making greater and greater progress. the +比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)(越…,越…) The richer a country is, the better the people’s life will be.國(guó)家越富,人民的生活就越好。 all the+比較級(jí)(格外…,越發(fā)…) The teacher feels all the happier for his diligence.老師因他的勤奮而感到格外高興。 none the+比較級(jí)(毫不,一點(diǎn)也不) She looks none the better for her holiday.她度假后看上去身體一點(diǎn)也沒有好轉(zhuǎn)。 no more than=only(僅僅)not more than=at most(最多,不多于) His grandpa’s whole school education added up to no more than two years.他的祖父所受的全部教育加起來(lái)不過才兩年。There are not more than thirty people in the 。 no more…than(和…一樣不…)not more…than(不像…那樣) This book is no more attractive than that 。This book is not more attractive than that 。 no less than=as much as(多達(dá))not less than=at least(至少) She has no less than eight 。She has not less than eight 。 no less…than=as…as(和…一樣) He is no less clever than 。 不用比較級(jí)形容的比較:senior比…大,junior比…小,superior比…好,inferior比…差 She is three yea