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初中英語時態(tài)總結(jié)(八大時態(tài)精講習題答案)(已修改)

2025-06-12 05:42 本頁面
 

【正文】 .1 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法1) 經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。 時間狀語: every?, sometimes, at?, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。I don’t want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時,用于操作演示或指導說明的示范性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進行時的標志,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。二. 構(gòu)成及變化be動詞的變化肯定句:主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。否定句:主語+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker. 他不是工人。一般疑問句:Be +主語+其它。 如:Are you a student? Yes. I am. / No, I’m not.特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句。如:Where is my bike?行為動詞的變化當主語為第一,二人稱及復數(shù)時,助動詞為do肯定句:主語+動詞原形(+其它)。 如: We often play basketball after school.否定句:主語+ don’t+動詞原形(+其它)。 如:we don’t play basketball after school. 一般疑問句:Do +主語+動詞原形+其它? 如: Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we don’t.特殊疑問句:疑問詞+以do開頭的一般疑問句? 如: What do you often do after school ? 當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時 ,助動詞為does肯定句:主語+動詞三單式(+其它)。如: He swims well.否定句:主語+ doesn’t+動詞原形(+其它)。如:He doesn’t swim well..一般疑問句:Does +主語+動詞原形+其它。如:Does he swim well ?Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.特殊疑問句:疑問詞+以does開頭的一般疑問句?如: How does your father go to work?三、第三人稱單數(shù)的動詞變化規(guī)則(只有在第三人稱為主語的肯定句中,動詞才用三單式)(1)多數(shù)動詞直接加s:runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs??.(2)結(jié)尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前為輔音字母,結(jié)尾加es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes1 (3)動詞末尾y前為輔音:將y改為i加es:study→studies fly→flies carry→carries cry→cries但在y前如果為元音則直接加s:buys says2 一般過去時的用法1)在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。時間狀語有:yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 yesterday morning (afternoon, evening?) last night (week, month, year?), a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago? just now,等。Where did you go just now?2)表示在過去一段時間amp。quot。到??時間了amp。quot。 amp。quot。該??了amp。quot。It is time sb. did sth. amp。quot。時間已遲了amp。quot。 amp。quot。早該??了amp。quot。It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示’寧愿某人做某事’I’d rather you came tomorrow.4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。比較: 一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去,現(xiàn)已不復存在。Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義:她已不在人間。)Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義:她現(xiàn)在還活著)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.( 含義:現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)注意: 用過去時表示現(xiàn)在,表示委婉語氣。1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2)情態(tài)動詞 could, would.Could you lend me your bike?3 used to / be used toused to + do:amp。quot。過去常常amp。quot。表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態(tài),但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so forgetful.Scarf used to take a walk. (過去常常散步)be used to + doing: 對??已感到習慣,或amp。quot。習慣于amp。quot。,to是介詞,后需加名詞或動名詞。 He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.(現(xiàn)在習慣于散步)2 典型例題 Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it. It’s 69568442.A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看 出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發(fā)生在過去,因此應(yīng)用過去時。二、構(gòu)成及變化1. Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化:am 和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasn’t)are在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=weren’t)帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。:肯定句 : 主語 + 動詞的過去式 .I watched a film last Sunday .否定句 : 主語+ didn’t + 動詞原形.I didn’t watch a film last Sunday .一般疑問句:Did + 主語 + 動詞原形 ?Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didn’t .特殊疑問句:疑問詞+ 以did 開頭的一般疑問句 ?What did you do last Sunday ?現(xiàn)在進行時一、意義——當表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作或正在發(fā)生的事。時間標志——now,句前的look ,listen二、構(gòu)成:be (am, is ,are )+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞ing形式肯定句: 主語 + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞Ving (+ 其他)I’m doing my homework now .否定句:主語+be+not+動詞ing +其他.I’m not doing my homework now.一般疑問句:Be+主語+動詞ing +其他?Are you doing your home work now?Yes, I am . No , I’m not .特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+be+主語+動詞ing+其他?What are you doing now ?三、現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成:(1)一般在動詞末尾直接加ing,(2)以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞,先去掉e,再加ing,如 skate →skating make →making dance → dancing write → writing have → having ride → riding e → ing(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞,中間只有一個元音字母,詞尾只有一個輔音字母,應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加ing, 如: putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging sitting getting forgetting letting四、現(xiàn)在進行時的基本用法:3
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