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gmat曼哈頓中文版總結(jié)(已修改)

2025-06-11 18:14 本頁面
 

【正文】 曼哈頓重點注意事項總結(jié) Best Does Not Mean IdealIt is very important to recognize that Sentence Correction questions ask for the best optionof those given, not the best option in the universe. Indeed, often you will feelandrighdysothat all the answers, including the correct one, sound bad. Correct GMAT SentenceCorrection answers can sound very formal or awkward, so it is important to keep in mindthat your task is to evaluate the given answer choices, not to create the ideal sentence.The ideal sentence often is not an option, and the right answer may sound rather wrong. Toplicate matters, incorrect answer choices often sound right, Indeed, the GMAT exploitsthe fact that the English we hear is monly riddled with grammatical mistakes. GMAT SC常考知識點:(1) SubjectVerb Agreement 主謂一致(2) Parallelism 平行(3) Pronouns 代詞(4) Modifiers 修飾語(5) Verb Tense, Mood, amp。 Voice 時態(tài)、虛擬語氣和主被動語態(tài)(6) Comparisons 比較(7) Idioms. 習(xí)語/固定搭配 對于SC的一個基本原則和態(tài)度:GMAT的SC部分的題,往往一道題涵蓋多個知識點,當(dāng)在復(fù)習(xí)的時候,要充分利用每一道題把所有提及到的知識點都盡量掌握。但在考試的過程中,每道SC題都要求平均在1分半中完成,理想的情況是盡量在一分鐘左右完成。這樣的時間要求,使得我們在考試的時候要善用考試技巧和策略:1) 讀完題,畫出句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)(以及很明顯的錯誤);2) 縱向比較各個選項的不同之處,選出一個自己有把握的考點(即不同點)將選項分成兩派,盡量分成23split的形式(即2個一派,3個一派)。3) 在23 split中選出正確的一派,排除不正確的選項。4) 再將剩下的選項再縱向比較,根據(jù)另一個有把握的考點分類,再繼續(xù)排除,以此類推直到選剩1個選項。5) 把這僅有的一個選項再帶回原句double check一下。PS:即做題時使用考試策略,看解釋分析答案時要有每一個知識點、易錯點都不放過的精神和態(tài)度!PS的PS:讀題一定不能貪快,心急,一定到讀完全句,對沒劃線部分的句子也絕對不可以掉以輕心?。。。。?! GMAT中SC最佳答案要符合以下三個要點: 語法正確(Grammar) 句子意思清楚明確(Meaning) 簡潔有效(Concision)做題思考過程: begin by looking for errors in grammar After you have found grammar errors, look for meaning issues. Finally, if you have still not singled out an answer, choose the remaining choice that is most concise.Do not alter the author39。s intent when you make your choice!特別注意助動詞?。?!助動詞的小小變化會使得句子意思大不相同! Meaning的三個常見考法:A. 小詞位置的變換:If a word changes its position in the answer choices, you must consider whether the change has an impact on the meaning of the sentence. Look out especially for short words (such as only and all) that quantify nouns or otherwise restrict meaning.B. 詞的選擇例如助動詞的選擇,相近意思的詞的選擇,同根詞的選擇等等。C. Connected words 要 make sense together! 主謂不可缺失一般的,對于這個考點,GMAC往往設(shè)置以下兩種traps:1) 缺少謂語動詞:動詞有,但變體為Ved或Ving成了定語.Wrong: The electron named in 1894.Right: The electron WAS NAMED in 1894.2) 由which, that, when, who等引導(dǎo)詞開頭的句子:因為由這些詞開頭的句子都是從句,是不能單獨成句的,缺少主句(main clause)Wrong: BECAUSEthe dog was never mine.Wrong: WHICH will be approved tomorrow. 主謂要make sense together!Example:Wrong: The development of a hydrogen car based on expected performance parameters will be able to travel hundreds of miles without refueling.這句話初看覺得OK,但仔細分析主謂,就會發(fā)現(xiàn)the development will be able to travel hundreds of miles, 發(fā)展怎么能跑幾百公里呢?!這就是主謂沒有一起make sense,犯了邏輯錯誤。應(yīng)該是車能跑幾百公里。 Right: Once developed, a hydrogen CAR based on expected performance parameters Will BE able to travel hundreds of miles without refueling.總結(jié):要發(fā)現(xiàn)這種錯誤,就需要認清句子結(jié)構(gòu),有時候往往句子很長,主語和謂語離得遠就容易讓人忘記,所以在讀題的時候,就要一邊把句子的基本的主謂賓劃出來,這樣這種錯誤就會比較容易發(fā)現(xiàn)。 怎么找到句子的主語方法:把句子中修飾的成分都去掉,只剩主謂賓!哪些是修飾成分: 介詞短語()如:a cat of the girl 中,cat是主語,of the girl 是介詞短語。PS:介詞短語都是介詞開頭的噢,所以不要誤以為 a car of是介詞短語介詞短語中的名詞是絕對不能當(dāng)主語的,所以介詞短語都是修飾成分,不過有一些習(xí)慣用語的例外,如由some, none, many, much, all這類詞修飾時,of后面的才是主語,如 some of the students里,students才是主語;再如a number of pictures也是,pictures才是主語。不過the number of pictures里,the number是主語。還有所有表示百分數(shù)和分數(shù)的數(shù)量短語,主語都是of后面的名詞,因此,和SANAM一樣,它們的主謂一致由of后的名詞決定! 從句(狀語從句充當(dāng)big adv. 定語從句充當(dāng)big adj. 主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句充當(dāng)big noun)所有從句都不可以單獨成句的,是依附于主句的,其中除了主語從句和賓語從句,其他從句都是起修飾補充作用的,可以去掉如: auditors left, the executive who had been interviewed was/were glad. 過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞(在句中起到修飾其他成分的作用,做定語或狀語時)如:Limping, the horse once considered one of the favorites was/were taken away.PS: 現(xiàn)在分詞可以作主語,謂語永遠用單數(shù) 形容詞、副詞,這個不用說啦!O(∩_∩)O注意逗號!Commas are another helpful sign to identify modifiers, since mas sometimes separate modifiers from the rest of the sentence. 主謂一致(GMAC出題的方法往往是把主語藏起來)找到了主語,就很好判斷主謂一致了。前面的第8點講了如何找主語,但當(dāng)兩個單數(shù)主語被“and”連接時,謂語動詞就要用復(fù)數(shù)了。但當(dāng)兩個主語是由additive phrases 連接時,謂語動詞仍然是單數(shù)。記?。河星覂H有兩個單數(shù)主語由and連接時,謂語動詞才是復(fù)數(shù),要么是單數(shù)。Additive phrase:即意思相當(dāng)于“and”的短語,如:along with Polly in addition to surgery acpanied bv me together with a tie as well as the mayor including salt and pepper注意:Mathematics,aerobics 和 diabetes都是單數(shù),雖然他們都以S結(jié)尾。關(guān)于either…or…和neither…nor…的主謂一致Either A or B中,A和B中有一個是單數(shù),一個是復(fù)數(shù),那動詞要求與離它最近的一個主謂一致。例如:A是單數(shù),B是復(fù)數(shù),那B離動詞更近,所以動詞要是復(fù)數(shù)形式。Neither…nor…的主謂一致規(guī)律也一樣。另外,如果either 或 neither單獨修飾句中成分,即沒有or或nor,則認為其修飾的名詞是單數(shù),動詞永遠是單數(shù)形式。關(guān)于集體名詞的主謂一致集體名詞在GMAT中幾乎全部認為是單數(shù)。只有個別強調(diào)集體中的個體時,才用復(fù)數(shù)(這里就要靠邏輯去判斷?。?,但這種情況在GMAT中極少出現(xiàn)。集體名詞有:關(guān)于人的: agency, army, audience, class, mittee, crowd, orchestra, team關(guān)于物的: baggage, citrus, equipment, fleet, fruit, furniturePS: 在gmat中,只要是在原有名詞加了s的,我們都當(dāng)它是可數(shù)來對待,謂語使用復(fù)數(shù)。但是citrus是個例外,它不是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,而是這個詞本身就是以s結(jié)尾的集體名詞。News本身也是不可數(shù)名詞,用單數(shù)。關(guān)于anyone,someone,everybody,some等這一類表示非特質(zhì)的代詞的主謂一致以下這些詞都用單數(shù):Anyone, anybody, anything No one, nobody, nothingEach, every (as pronouns) Someone, somebody, somethingEveryone, everybody, everything Whatever, whoeverEither, neither (may require a plural verb ifpaired with or/nor)PS:所有以one,body,thing結(jié)尾的,都用單數(shù)以下5個詞可以作單數(shù)也可以作復(fù)數(shù),由of后面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定:(PS:這5個代詞是特殊的,需要考慮到of介詞短語,這是因為真正的主語是of后的名詞,主謂一致自然由真正的主語決定。詳見上文“如何找到主語”)Some, Any, None, All, More/MostExample:Some of the money WAS stolen from my wallet. (money is singular)Some of the documents WERE stolen from the bank. (documents is plural)但none of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞,動詞可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù),但 no one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞,動詞永遠是單數(shù)。關(guān)于each和every的主謂一致Each和every單獨做主語時,謂語動詞是單數(shù);each和every放在任何主語名詞前時,哪怕這個名詞時復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞也要用單數(shù),即便是each和every后跟了兩個由and連接的主語,也是用單數(shù)。Right: Every dog HAS paws.Right: Every dog and cat HAS paws.Right: Each of these shirts IS pretty.但each和every放在主語名詞后面的話,對主謂一致沒有任何影響,按常規(guī)方法判斷:They each ARE great tennis players.關(guān)于表示數(shù)量的短語的主謂一致表示百分數(shù)、分數(shù)的數(shù)量短語如 half of,quarter of,都和前面提到的SANAM代詞一樣,動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由of后面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定,因為主語是of后的名詞。The words majority, minori
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