【正文】
I 摘 要 賓館火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng)是隨時警惕火災(zāi)、及時報警和輸出聯(lián)動滅火信號的忠實哨兵。 該系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計主要涵蓋以下六個方面: 傳感器的選型、 單片機(jī)的選取、 接口芯片的選取、報警裝置的設(shè)計、電源的設(shè)計以及聯(lián)動消防裝置的設(shè)計。 火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng) 通過一定的方式向火災(zāi)報警控制器發(fā)出火災(zāi) 報警 信號,火災(zāi)報警控制器收到報警信號后,立即發(fā)出聲光報警 ,并打開消防聯(lián)動裝置 。本設(shè)計的檢測裝置由離子感煙傳感器 UD02 和與之配套的專用集成電路DQ295 等組成 ,通過 對 現(xiàn)場的火災(zāi)參數(shù)采集,模 /數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換,地址編碼,然后傳送給單片機(jī) ,由 單片機(jī)進(jìn)行 相應(yīng)的運(yùn)算處理,判斷現(xiàn)場是否發(fā)生火災(zāi)。 這種信號處理方式將 單片機(jī) 用于火災(zāi)模式判別,可以根據(jù)火災(zāi)發(fā)生時,火災(zāi)參數(shù)的發(fā)展變化規(guī)律來識別真假火災(zāi), 不同于 傳統(tǒng)單一的定值判別方式,有利于提高火災(zāi)判別的準(zhǔn)確性。 關(guān)鍵詞: 火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng) ; 監(jiān)測 ; 控制 ; 消防聯(lián)動 II ABSTRACT Fire Autoalarm system of hotel is used to monitor the fire in the room continuously ,then report the corresponding information to the public as well as control the fire preventional contains six aspected contents mainly,that are sensors,a single Chip MircroComputer, the I/O integrated Connection chip,the Autoalarm device,the design of the Power source and the linkaged fire preventional device. Fire Autoalarm system of hotel sends out the correlated signal to the single Chip MircroComputer in some way,then the single Chip MircroComputer will drive the Acoustooptics alarm device and the linkaged fire preventional device after receive the this Paper,the mointor deveice is made of Ion feeling smoke sensor with the model of UD02 and its corresponding integrated connection chip with the model of will gather all the fire Parameter ,then Process the data in A/D converter in order to judge whether there may be a fire or not,the core unit of this Processing way of signal is a single Chip MircroComputer,it has the ability to identificate the true or false fire according to the processed is very advantage to inhance the accurate degree of the fire. Keywords: Fire Autoalarm system; monitor; control ; linkaged fire preventional device III 目 錄 1 緒論 ................................................................................................. 1 本論文的研究背景 ....................................................................... 1 現(xiàn)有火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng)比較 ........................................................... 2 傳統(tǒng)火災(zāi)探測技術(shù) ................................................................ 2 智能火災(zāi)探測技術(shù) ................................................................ 3 火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀 .................................................... 4 本課題研究的主要任務(wù)及意義 ....................................................... 5 本論文的設(shè)計要求 ....................................................................... 6 2 系統(tǒng)原理及總體方案設(shè)計 .................................................................... 7 系統(tǒng)原理 .................................................................................... 7 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 .................................................................................... 7 系統(tǒng)各模塊的設(shè)計 ................................................................ 7 系統(tǒng)總構(gòu)架的設(shè)計 ................................................................ 8 3 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 ................................................................................... 10 硬件組成 ................................................................................... 10 煙霧信號采集模塊 ...................................................................... 10 離子感煙傳感器工作原理 ...................................................... 11 UD— 02 型離子感煙傳感器 .................................................... 14 離子感煙傳感器專用集成電路 DQ295 ..................................... 16 離子感煙火災(zāi)報警器應(yīng)用電路 ............................................... 18 單片機(jī)控制中心 .......................................................................... 19 時鐘電路和工作方式 ............................................................ 19 中斷系統(tǒng) ............................................................................ 20 聲光報警模塊 ............................................................................. 23 聲音報警電路 ...................................................................... 23 LED 顯示器 .......................................................................... 24 IV 接口芯片 8243 ............................................................................ 25 電源系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 ............................................................................. 27 消防聯(lián)動裝置 ............................................................................. 28 4 系 統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 ................................................................................... 30 主程序設(shè)計 ................................................................................ 30 讀數(shù)子程序 ................................................................................ 31 核對子程序 ................................................................................ 31 查找報警點子程序 ...................................................................... 32 顯示及報警子程序 ...................................................................... 34 聯(lián)動消防 ................................................................................... 35 延時子程序 ................................................................................ 35 5 總結(jié)與展望 ...................................................................................... 36 總結(jié) .......................................................................................... 36 系統(tǒng)展望 ................................................................................... 37 致謝 ................................................................................................... 38 參考文獻(xiàn) ............................................................................................. 39 附圖 ................................................................................................... 41 1 1 緒論 本論文的研究背景 近 年來 ,隨著 科學(xué)技術(shù)日新月異的發(fā)展 , 生產(chǎn)力水平達(dá)到了前所未有的高度。城市現(xiàn)代化在這樣的背景下發(fā)展速度越來越快 , 高層建筑異軍突起 , 賓館行業(yè)也躋身其中。 由于高層建筑都有建筑高度高、建筑面積大、用電設(shè)備多、供電要求高、人員集中等特點,這些都給高層建筑的防火問題提出了很高的要求。而最近 幾年,我國因特大惡性火災(zāi)導(dǎo)致的多起群死群傷事件已引起有關(guān)部門的高度重視,高層賓館、大型商場等人員集中地區(qū)的防火問題被提上日程。在這些場所內(nèi),各種電氣電子設(shè)備高度集中且處于長期運(yùn)行狀 態(tài),電