【正文】 一般情況下，智能化火災(zāi)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)基本組成框圖如圖 11 所示。不僅增加成本，而且許多系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的故障都不能報(bào)警。 (3)火災(zāi)報(bào)警的判據(jù)單一，對(duì)環(huán)境背景的干擾影響無(wú)法消除，這樣在一些場(chǎng)合就不能提供準(zhǔn)確的報(bào)警。 傳統(tǒng)火災(zāi)探測(cè)技術(shù) 傳統(tǒng)的火災(zāi)探測(cè)報(bào)警技術(shù)是由火災(zāi)探測(cè)器感知現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的某種火災(zāi)參數(shù) (如煙濃度、溫度等 )，當(dāng)被感知的火災(zāi)參數(shù)達(dá)到某個(gè)限度值后，火災(zāi)探測(cè)器通過(guò)一定的方式向火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制器發(fā)出火災(zāi)報(bào) 警 信號(hào)，火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制器收到報(bào)警信 號(hào)后，立即發(fā)出聲光報(bào)警?；馂?zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警器最初是以晶體管繼電器為分立元件的產(chǎn)品， 80 年代末， 90 年代初隨著微型計(jì)算機(jī)的開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用，出現(xiàn)了以微機(jī)為核心的通用火災(zāi)報(bào)警器。實(shí)踐證明，設(shè)置先進(jìn)的火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警和自動(dòng)滅火系統(tǒng)是高層建筑做好自防自救的關(guān)鍵?；诓煌h(huán)境及不同燃燒物成分的火災(zāi)的生成氣成分、煙霧的粒徑構(gòu)成、溫場(chǎng)分布及光譜均有不同 ， 因此 ， 火災(zāi) 過(guò)程涉及多個(gè)物理和化學(xué)參數(shù) ， 而且特征性比較強(qiáng) ， 與一般的擾動(dòng)有著本質(zhì)的區(qū)別。一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi)將很難及時(shí)救助，勢(shì)必要給國(guó)家和個(gè)人帶來(lái)不可估量的損失。城市現(xiàn)代化在這樣的背景下發(fā)展速度越來(lái)越快 ， 高層建筑異軍突起 ， 賓館行業(yè)也躋身其中。 火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng) 通過(guò)一定的方式向火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制器發(fā)出火災(zāi) 報(bào)警 信號(hào)，火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制器收到報(bào)警信號(hào)后，立即發(fā)出聲光報(bào)警 ，并打開(kāi)消防聯(lián)動(dòng)裝置 。 該系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)主要涵蓋以下六個(gè)方面： 傳感器的選型、 單片機(jī)的選取、 接口芯片的選取、報(bào)警裝置的設(shè)計(jì)、電源的設(shè)計(jì)以及聯(lián)動(dòng)消防裝置的設(shè)計(jì)。 關(guān)鍵詞： 火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng) ； 監(jiān)測(cè) ； 控制 ； 消防聯(lián)動(dòng) II ABSTRACT Fire Autoalarm system of hotel is used to monitor the fire in the room continuously ,then report the corresponding information to the public as well as control the fire preventional contains six aspected contents mainly,that are sensors,a single Chip MircroComputer, the I/O integrated Connection chip,the Autoalarm device,the design of the Power source and the linkaged fire preventional device. Fire Autoalarm system of hotel sends out the correlated signal to the single Chip MircroComputer in some way,then the single Chip MircroComputer will drive the Acoustooptics alarm device and the linkaged fire preventional device after receive the this Paper,the mointor deveice is made of Ion feeling smoke sensor with the model of UD02 and its corresponding integrated connection chip with the model of will gather all the fire Parameter ,then Process the data in A/D converter in order to judge whether there may be a fire or not,the core unit of this Processing way of signal is a single Chip MircroComputer,it has the ability to identificate the true or false fire according to the processed is very advantage to inhance the accurate degree of the fire. Keywords: Fire Autoalarm system； monitor； control ； linkaged fire preventional device III 目 錄 1 緒論 ................................................................................................. 1 本論文的研究背景 ....................................................................... 1 現(xiàn)有火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)比較 ........................................................... 2 傳統(tǒng)火災(zāi)探測(cè)技術(shù) ................................................................ 2 智能火災(zāi)探測(cè)技術(shù) ................................................................ 3 火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀 .................................................... 4 本課題研究的主要任務(wù)及意義 ....................................................... 5 本論文的設(shè)計(jì)要求 ....................................................................... 6 2 系統(tǒng)原理及總體方案設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................... 7 系統(tǒng)原理 .................................................................................... 7 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................... 7 系統(tǒng)各模塊的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................ 7 系統(tǒng)總構(gòu)架的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................ 8 3 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................... 10 硬件組成 ................................................................................... 10 煙霧信號(hào)采集模塊 ...................................................................... 10 離子感煙傳感器工作原理 ...................................................... 11 UD— 02 型離子感煙傳感器 .................................................... 14 離子感煙傳感器專用集成電路 DQ295 ..................................... 16 離子感煙火災(zāi)報(bào)警器應(yīng)用電路 ............................................... 18 單片機(jī)控制中心 .......................................................................... 19 時(shí)鐘電路和工作方式 ............................................................ 19 中斷系統(tǒng) ............................................................................ 20 聲光報(bào)警模塊 ............................................................................. 23 聲音報(bào)警電路 ...................................................................... 23 LED 顯示器 .......................................................................... 24 IV 接口芯片 8243 ............................................................................ 25 電源系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................. 27 消防聯(lián)動(dòng)裝置 ............................................................................. 28 4 系 統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................... 30 主程序設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................ 30 讀數(shù)子程序 ................................................................................ 31 核對(duì)子程序 ................................................................................ 31 查找報(bào)警點(diǎn)子程序 ...................................................................... 32 顯示及報(bào)警子程序 ...................................................................... 34 聯(lián)動(dòng)消防 ................................................................................... 35 延時(shí)子程序 ................................................................................ 35 5 總結(jié)與展望 ...................................................................................... 36 總結(jié) .......................................................................................... 36 系統(tǒng)展望 ................................................................................... 37 致謝 ................................................................................................... 38 參考文獻(xiàn) ............................................................................................. 39 附圖 ................................................................................................... 41