【正文】 摘 要 隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，住房制度改革的不斷深入，人們生活水平的不斷提高，城市中各類小區(qū)建設(shè)發(fā)展十分迅速，同時(shí)也對(duì)小區(qū)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)提出了更高的要求。小區(qū)供水系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)是其中的一個(gè)重要方面，供水的經(jīng)濟(jì)性、可靠性、穩(wěn)定性直接影響到小區(qū)住戶的正常生活和工作，也直接體現(xiàn)了小區(qū)物業(yè)管理水平的高低。傳統(tǒng)的恒速泵加壓供水、水塔高位水箱供水、氣壓罐供水等供水方式普遍不同程度的存在效率低、可靠性差、自動(dòng)化程度不高等缺點(diǎn)，難以滿足當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的需要。本論文針對(duì)住宅小區(qū)的供水要求，設(shè)計(jì)了一套由PLC、變頻器、遠(yuǎn)傳壓力表、多臺(tái)水泵機(jī)組、計(jì)算機(jī)、通信模塊等主要設(shè)備構(gòu)成的全自動(dòng)變頻恒壓供水及其遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，具有全自動(dòng)變頻恒壓運(yùn)行、自動(dòng)工頻運(yùn)行、遠(yuǎn)程手動(dòng)控制和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)手動(dòng)控制等功能。系統(tǒng)有效地解決了傳統(tǒng)供水方式中存在的問(wèn)題，并具有多種輔助功能，增強(qiáng)了系統(tǒng)的可靠性。并和計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)了有機(jī)的結(jié)合，提升了系統(tǒng)的總體性能?；谒霉┧髁亢退棉D(zhuǎn)速的三次方成正比，論文分析了采取變頻調(diào)速方式實(shí)現(xiàn)恒壓供水相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的閥門控制恒壓供水方式的節(jié)能機(jī)理。通過(guò)對(duì)變頻器內(nèi)置PⅢ模塊參數(shù)的預(yù)置，利用遠(yuǎn)傳壓力表的水壓反饋量，構(gòu)成閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)，根據(jù)用水量的變化，采取PD調(diào)節(jié)方式，在全流量范圍內(nèi)利用變頻泵的連續(xù)調(diào)節(jié)和工頻泵的分級(jí)調(diào)節(jié)相結(jié)合，實(shí)現(xiàn)恒壓供水且有效節(jié)能。論文論述了采用多泵并聯(lián)供水方案的合理性，分析了多泵供水方式的各種供水狀態(tài)及轉(zhuǎn)換條件，分析了電機(jī)由變頻轉(zhuǎn)工頻運(yùn)行方式的切換過(guò)程及存在的問(wèn)題。給出了實(shí)現(xiàn)有效狀態(tài)循環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)換控制的電氣設(shè)計(jì)方案和PLC控制程序設(shè)計(jì)方案。通過(guò)對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)和PLC之間通信協(xié)議的研究，完成了上、下位機(jī)的通信設(shè)置，給出了計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)控程序編寫方法，通過(guò)通信模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)供水系統(tǒng)的遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控和故障報(bào)警。關(guān)鍵詞：恒壓供水；PLC；變頻調(diào)速AbstractAlong with the development of the socio—economy of our count，the housing system is going deep into reforms，and people’s living standard is being improved．At the same time，in the city，each kind of sub—district constmction is developing very quickly，which puts forrward higher requirement for the infrastru construction of subdistrict．And the construction of subdistrict water supply system is an important aspect in which．The reliability，stability and economy of water supply directly affects sub—district Households nomal life and work,and also embodies the difference in the level of subdistrict property management．The traditional means of water supply such as the pump pressurization water supply at constant speed，water tower of upper cistem，the jaretc． are hard to satisfy the needs of current economic life， because low efficiency，reliability and automation level are all monly existing in these means．According to the requirement of water supply in a abiding place，a set of automatic system of constant pressure water supply by using variable frequency and remote monitofing and rolling，wrhich is posed of PLC，transducer,pressure sensor,pumps and electro—motors，puter and device of munication is designed to that end．This set of system has the functions like automatic constant pressure operation by using variable frequency，automatic work frequency operation，and the function of longrange conrol by hand and the onthe—spot control by hand etc．The system has solved efficiently the problem existing in the traditional way of water supply,which has various supplementary functions to strengthen the reliability．The system has an organic bination with puter and promotes the systematic overall performance．Based on that the three side of the pump water delivery rate and the pump rotational speed bee direct ratio，the paper analyses the mechanism of energy saving that the way of water supply by using the method of variable velocity variable frequency is superior to the traditional way of constant pressure water supply controlled by valve． Setting up in advance the parameter of the PH modular builtin the transducer,a system of closed circuit using the feedback of hydraulic pressure of far．biograhy pressure table has formed．According to the change of water consumption,with PID，in the sphere of whole rate of now bining the constant regulation of the pump offrequency conversion with the work frequency pump grade regulation，the system of closed circuit can realize the constant pressure water supply and save energy efficiently． This paper discusses the reasonability of water supply scheme with much pump parallel connection，and analyses the conversion condition and the various states of water supply of the much pump way of water supply as well as the switch process and the problem of a generator from variable frequency operation mode to work frequency operation mode． This paper has also given the electrical design scheme and PLC controlling program scheme that realizes effective state circulating conversion control． By researching the munication agreement between the puter and PLC，this paper has finished setting up the munication between upper and lower puter,and also has described the method to pile puter monitoring program to realize the long—range monitoring and fault reporting for water supply system through munication modular Key words：Constant pressurewatersupply；PLC；Variable velocity variable frequency； Constant pressurewatersupplyKey words：Constant presrewater supply；PLC；Variable Velocity Variable fequency；Constant pressurewatersupply目 錄摘 要 1Abstract 2第一章 緒 論 6 課題背景及意義 6 國(guó)內(nèi)外變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)的發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀 7 可編程控制器(PLC)的特點(diǎn)及應(yīng)用 8 變頻恒壓供水系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn)及其安全性討論 13 本課題的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 14第2章 系統(tǒng)的理論分析及方案的確定 15 變頻恒壓供水系統(tǒng)理論分析 15 變頻恒壓供水系統(tǒng)節(jié)能原理 15 變頻恒壓控制的理論模型 17 變頻恒壓供水系統(tǒng)的近似數(shù)學(xué)模型 182．2 變頻恒壓供水系統(tǒng)控制方案的確定 18 供水系統(tǒng)的控制流程及其控制流程圖 18 供水系統(tǒng)中水泵切換條件分析 26 本章小結(jié) 29第三章 變頻恒壓供水系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì) 30 系統(tǒng)主要配置的選型 30 水泵機(jī)組的選型 30 變頻器的選型 31 PLC及其擴(kuò)展模塊的選型 33 壓力變送器及數(shù)顯儀的選型 34 繼電器，軟啟動(dòng)器的選型 35 系統(tǒng)主電路分析及設(shè)計(jì) 35 系統(tǒng)控制電路分析及設(shè)計(jì) 37 可編程邏輯控制器(PLC)的I／0端子分配 38 變頻器接線及功能的設(shè)定 40 本章小結(jié) 41第四章 變頻恒壓供水系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 42 系統(tǒng)水泵運(yùn)行狀態(tài)及轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程分析 42 PLC程序設(shè)計(jì)方法的分析 44 系統(tǒng)控制程序設(shè)計(jì) 47 變頻器P l D控制功能參數(shù)的設(shè)置 51 PID控制及其控制算法 51 恒壓供水PID調(diào)節(jié)過(guò)程分析 53 變頻器PID控制參數(shù)的設(shè)置 53 可靠性分析 55 本章小結(jié) 55第五章 變頻恒壓供水遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 57 S7200系列PLC的監(jiān)控方法 57 本系統(tǒng)計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)控內(nèi)容及原理圖 57 本章小結(jié) 59第六章 結(jié) 論 60 本課題研究結(jié)論 60 課題存在問(wèn)題與展望 60參考文獻(xiàn) 61外文翻譯 62致 謝 86附 錄 87第一章 緒 論 課題背景及意義 眾所周知，水是人類生活、生產(chǎn)中不可缺少的重要物質(zhì)，在節(jié)水節(jié)能已成為時(shí)代特征的現(xiàn)實(shí)條件下，我們這個(gè)水資源和電能短缺的國(guó)家，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)在市政供水、高層建筑供水、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)循環(huán)供水等方面技術(shù)一直比較落后，自動(dòng)化程度低，而隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，人們生活水平的不斷提高，以及住房制度改革的不斷深入，城市中各類小區(qū)建設(shè)發(fā)展十分迅速，同時(shí)也對(duì)小區(qū)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)提出了更高的要求。小區(qū)供水系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)是其中的一個(gè)重要方面，供水的可靠性、穩(wěn)定性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性直接影響到小區(qū)住戶的正常工作和生活，也直接體現(xiàn)了小區(qū)物業(yè)管理水平的高低?。 傳統(tǒng)的小區(qū)供水方式有：恒速泵加壓供水、水塔高位水箱供水、氣壓罐供水、液力耦合器和電池滑差離合器調(diào)速的供水方式、單片機(jī)變頻調(diào)速供水系統(tǒng)等方式，其優(yōu)、缺點(diǎn)如下： l、恒速泵加壓供水方式無(wú)法對(duì)供水管網(wǎng)的壓力做出及時(shí)的反應(yīng)，水泵的增減都依賴人工進(jìn)行手工操作，自動(dòng)化程度低，而且為保證供水，機(jī)組常處于滿負(fù)荷運(yùn)行，不但效率低、耗電量大，而且在用水量較少時(shí)，管網(wǎng)長(zhǎng)期處于超壓運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，爆損現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重，電機(jī)硬起動(dòng)易產(chǎn)生水錘效應(yīng)，破壞性大，目前較少采用。 水塔高位水箱供水具有控制方式簡(jiǎn)單、運(yùn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)合理、短時(shí)間維修或停電可不停水等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但存在基建投資大，占地面積大，維護(hù)不方便，水泵電機(jī)為硬起動(dòng)，啟動(dòng)電流大等缺點(diǎn)，頻繁起動(dòng)易損壞聯(lián)軸器，目前主要應(yīng)用于高層建筑。 氣壓罐供水具有體積小、技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)單、不受高度限制等特點(diǎn)，但此方式調(diào)節(jié)量小、水泵電機(jī)為硬起動(dòng)且起動(dòng)頻繁，對(duì)電器設(shè)備要求較高、系統(tǒng)