【正文】 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）AbstractThe relationship between language and gender has long attracted the western sociolinguists’ interest. As early as in the 1960s, with the development of feminist social movement and the growth of sociolinguistics, there are many researches on intergender discourse. But how to explain speech differences between men and women remains a question in dispute among sociolinguists.The article reviews the definition of discourse and the definition and historical perspective of gender discourse. Five differences in conversations are displayed. They are the usage of “directness and indirectness”, “minimal responses”, “questions”, “swearing and taboo language, hedges, pliments and politeness” and “amount of talk”. The paper then analyzes the main causes of intergender differences, including ideology, socialization, interpretive frames and social status and power. Based on the analysis and discussions above, the author offers some advice to avoid the mismunication: pay more attention and respect to the objective factors, gain share knowledge as much as possible and learn to be open and flexible.In fact, the study on gender discourse is still very new. Most of the available analysis is based on the patterns of discourse within American society. And it is very important to notice the intergender differences in western countries, and do further study on other intergender differences in other countries.Key words: gender discourse gender differences conversational style摘 要語言與性別問題一直都受到社會語言學(xué)家的重視。早在20世紀60年代，隨著西方婦女運動的蓬勃發(fā)展與社會語言學(xué)的興起和壯大，涌現(xiàn)了大量相關(guān)的研究。另外，如何解釋男女交際中存在的差異仍然是一個引起語言學(xué)家爭論的話題。文章回顧了話語的定義以及性別話語的定義和歷史發(fā)展?fàn)顩r；展現(xiàn)了對話中的五種差異形式直接和間接的使用、最低限度應(yīng)答語的使用、疑問句的使用、話語中詛咒語、禁忌語、閃避詞、恭維語和禮貌用語的運用以及話語量；分析探討了話語中性別交際產(chǎn)生差異的原因意識形態(tài)、社會化適應(yīng)、詮釋框架以及社會地位和權(quán)力。在此基礎(chǔ)上作者歸納出避免差異產(chǎn)生的建議和方法：只有認識到性別語言差異客觀存在的事實，尊重其各自發(fā)展的規(guī)律；在日常生活中獲取大量的共享知識，培養(yǎng)開放靈敏的思維，才能克服差異所帶來的失誤，達到有效交際的目的。作為話語研究的一個課題，對性別話語的研究還相對比較新?，F(xiàn)有的大多數(shù)分析資料都是基于美國社會內(nèi)部的話語模式。因此我們應(yīng)在此基礎(chǔ)上進一步深刻認識西方文化中性別交際差異，借此尋求探究世界各國性別差異的科學(xué)方法和新視角。關(guān)鍵詞：性別話語 性別差異 話語風(fēng)格Intergender Differences in English Conversation Style(外語系 江秋菊 指導(dǎo)教師 張碧)1. Introduction 32. Review of discourse and gender discourse 4 The definition of discourse 4 The definition of gender discourse 5 Gender discourse studies in historical perspective 5 differences in conversations 6 Directness and indirectness 6 Amount of talk 8 Minimal responses 9 Questions 9 Swearing amp。 taboo language, hedges, pliments and politeness 104. An analysis of the causes of gender differences 11 Ideology 11 Socialization 12 Interpretive frames 13 Intimacy—independence 14 Inclusion and exclusion 15 Relationship—information 16 Problems—solutions 16 Listening—lecturing 17 Social status and power 175. Improving intergender munication 18 Increase shared knowledge 18 Learn to be open and flexible 196. Conclusion 20References 221. Introduction The research on language and gender can be divided into two main periods. Before the 1960s, the research was fragmentary. It’s widespread that the language used by men was considered as the standard one, while women’s language was confirmed as the deviated one (Net. 1). Since the middle of 1960s, as a result of the development of feminist social movement and the growth of sociolinguistics, language and gender has caught many western scholars’ attention, such as the linguists, psycholinguists and sociolinguists. Generally speaking, the research in this period has been analyzed systematically. As a branch of discourse research, though language and gender has attracted much attention and been widely discussed by scholars, it is still relatively new. And most of the available analysis is based on the patterns of discourse within American society. In addition, how to explain speech differences between men and women remains a question in dispute among sociolinguists (王娟, 2004). And it is very helpful to follow the available research to do further study on other intergender differences in a new aspect in other countries.The body of the paper includes four parts. Part two reviews the definition of discourse and the definition and historical perspective of gender discourse. Part three displays the differences in conversations. Then the author analyzes the causes of intergender differences. Part five offers some advice to avoid mismunication. 2. Review of discourse and gender discourse The definition of discourse There are three somewhat different ways to define the word “discourse” by Scollon. “In the most technically narrow definition of the word, the study of grammatical and other relationships between sentences.A more general use of the word has been made to study broader functional uses of language in social contexts. The broadest concept of discourse, which is the study of the whole system of munication with a shared language or jargon, with particular ways in which people learn what they need to know to bee members, with a particular ideological position, and with quite specific forms of interpersonal relationships among members of those groups”(2000: 95). The definition of gender discourseGender discourse is one of the four most mon discourse systems, which takes the broadest concept of discourse. It mainly focuses on the discourse characters between the male and the female. Gender discourse is an involuntary discourse system, which is formed by gender such characteristic, in which individual members have relatively little choice about whether or not they share in the characteristics (see Scollon, 2000:166). When and where someone is born is not what one can choose. Then he/she is determined sexual characteristics and given gender expectations (see Scollon, 2000:167), which gives obvious and great influences to their discourse. Gender discourse studies in historical perspectiveIt was not until the 20th century that much attention was paid to the study of gender discourse. At