【正文】 畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計)On the Politeness Principle in Business Correspondence Writing1. Introduction 22. Politeness principle and the relevant theories 3 Definition of politeness 3 Pragmatic scales of politeness 4 Brown and Levinson’s Face Theory 4 Leech’s Politeness Principle and its Maxims 5 Politeness strategy 73. Application of politeness principle in business correspondence 8 Application of Brown and Levinson’s facethreatening acts (FTASs) in different types of business correspondence 8 Application of Leech’s politeness principle in business correspondence 11 Application of Tact Maxim 11 Application of Generosity Maxim 13 Application of Approbation Maxim 14 Application of Modest Maxim 16 Application of Agreement Maxim 18 Application of Sympathy Maxim 194. Strategies of realizing the politeness principle in business correspondence writing 21 Grammar strategy 21 Passive voice sentence pattern 21 Using affirmative structures 22 Interrogative clause 23 Conditional sentence 24 Past tense and progressive tense 25 Subjunctive mood 26 Lexical strategies 27 Positive words instead of the negative ones 27 Soft words 29 Hedging words and phrases 30 Strategy of “YouAttitude” 315. Conclusion 33References 341. Introduction With the globalization of world economy, business munication is being more and more important. Business correspondence, as a major form of munication in the mercial world, plays a significant role in the administration and operation of a business activity. Nowadays business operations are not restricted to any locality state or nation. Business correspondence has been increased because of the vast expansion of business, increases in demand as well as the supply of goods. Therefore, to improve the quality of business correspondence is very important.“Politeness, which is a social phenomenon, touches upon every aspect of life. It is of great concern with sociologists, sociolinguistics, social anthropologists and social psychologists.” (Chen, 2005). In business correspondence, politeness is the most important motivating factor of choosing what kind of language should be used and what kinds of approaches to arrange the letter (Lan, 2004: 3). How we say something is as important as what we say since the content and the form are two sides of the same object. That is to say, politeness accounts for most of the deliberate use of certain structures, organizations and selections of specific linguistic forms in business letter writing. In this paper, it focuses on several aspects to analyze the politeness principle in business correspondence writing. In order to give a firm theory foundation from the points of the definition of politeness and it’s pragmatic scales, the thesis basis on Brown and Levinson’s face theory and Leech’s politeness principle and six maxims. Through analyze the manifestation of politeness principle of the above theory in the correspondence to expatiate the application of politeness principle in business correspondence. On the base of the above theory and cases study, the thesis summarizes and put forward some strategies which are connected with predecessor’ and innovation of the paper to improve the quality of business correspondence, such as grammar strategies, lexical strategies and “YouAttitude” strategy, which can realize the quality of correspondence. Through these analyses the paper aims at helping understand the importance of politeness in business field and use politeness strategies in more effective way and helps those who involved in business affair do business smoothly and successfully. 2. Politeness principle and the relevant theories Definition of politeness According to the Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, politeness is defined as the bination of interpersonal consideration and linguistic choices affecting the form and function of linguistic interactions (Richard, 2000:352). Brown and Levinson (Brown and Levinson, 1987: 52) define politeness as a redressive action taken to counterbalance the disruptive effect of facethreatening acts (FTAs). Layoff (Layoff, 1973: 124) holds that politeness is a device used in order to reduce friction in personal interaction. In the foreword for the book Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage by Brown and Levinson (Brown and Levinson, 1987: 76), Gumperz says that politeness is basic to the production of social order and a precondition of human cooperation. Watts (Watts, 1992:50) believes that polite behavior is “socialculturally determined behavior directed towards the goal of establishing and/or maintaining in a state of equilibrium the personal relationships between the individuals of a social group, whether open or closed, during the ongoing process or intention”. According to Sell, all languages operate within politeness parameters and politeness or sensitivity to politeness considerations is mankind’s patent, sleepless superego (Watts, 1992: 114). In addition, Holmes (Watts, 1992:285) points out that being linguistically polite is often a matter of selecting linguistic forms which express the appropriate degree of social distance or which recognize relevant status differences. The above mentioned definitions contribute to the essence of politeness. On the whole, politeness is not merely recognized as a means of conveying information, but also an equally important means that helps to establish and maintain social bonds with others in munication, whether an oral or written one. In another word, politeness is a set of patterns to show considerations for other and to create interpersonal harmony. Pragmatic scales of politeness Brown and Levinson’s Face TheoryThe face theory is developed by Brown amp。 Levinson. They propose that everyone has a face want in conversations. Face is “the public selfimage that every member wants to claim for himself. It is emotionally invested and that can