【正文】 . .. . ..賓語從句用法小結(jié)賓語從句是初中英語中最重要的語法之一。中考經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)相關(guān)的題目。掌握賓語從句應(yīng)注意引導(dǎo)詞（連詞），語序以及時態(tài)三方面要素。下面的表格可以幫助大家理解這一部分內(nèi)容賓語從句句式連詞語序陳述句that不變一般疑問句If/whether改為陳述語序特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞改為陳述語序賓語從句的時態(tài)問題主句一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)一般過去時態(tài)從句保留原來時態(tài)改為過去的某個時態(tài)客觀事實(shí)和自然現(xiàn)象除外所謂過去的某個時態(tài)指的是如下的變化一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)一般過去時態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)(was/were doing)現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)過去完成時態(tài)（had 過去分詞）一般將來時態(tài)過去將來時態(tài)（would ）接下來我們一起來具體了解賓語從句的用法以及應(yīng)注意點(diǎn)（你認(rèn)為重要的或者容易出錯的地方最好用紅筆劃出來）一、 賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞1. 當(dāng)由陳述句來充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義常省略。eg. I think (that) he is right. I know (that) she is a Canadian athlete. I’m sure (that) he will get the job. I’m glad (that) you are trying to help others. He tells me (that) he will work hard this term.特別注意：賓語從句否定意義的轉(zhuǎn)移。 若主句的謂語動詞是think , believe , suppose, guess等詞，而且主句的主語是第一人稱時候，如果從句謂語是否定的，一般要將否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移至主句謂語上去，而將從句謂語改為肯定形式。如：I don’t think he has time to e to the party .2. 當(dāng)由特殊疑問句做賓語從句時，引導(dǎo)詞由原來的特殊疑問詞來充當(dāng)。有意義不能省略。從句的語序要用陳述語序。句末的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號由主句決定。常出現(xiàn)的特殊疑問詞：when, why, how, where, who、whom、whose、which, what等。 eg. 1) He asks. How can they get to school? He asks how they can get to school. 2) Do you know? When did he buy this pen? Do you know when he bought this pen? 3) Can you tell me ? What is your name? Can you tell me what your name is?3. 當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”“是不是”“能否”等。 eg. 1) He asks me if/ whether he can e. 2) I’m not sure if/ whether she will help me. 3) Do you know if/ whether the train will arrive on time?特別注意：1）直接與or not連用時,往往用whether 不用if eg. Let me know whether or not he will e 讓我知道他是否能來。2）介詞之后用whether 不用if eg. They are talking about whether he will win the game. I’m worried about whether they will arrive on time.3) 不定式前用whether 不用if二、賓語從句要用陳述句語序賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序。所謂陳述句語序就是指賓語從句中主語一定要放在謂語動詞之前(1)主句＋（that）從句（主語＋謂語……）；(2 )主句＋if/whether從句（主語＋謂語…）；(3)主句＋特殊疑問詞+陳述句語序（主語＋謂語…） eg. Do you know why winter is colder than summer? Can you tell me what your name is?特別注意：What’s the matter ? 作為賓語從句時有兩種前況。當(dāng)它的解釋是“怎么了？”時，語序不要變化。當(dāng)它的解釋是 “ 這是什么物質(zhì)？”時，要變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。如：The teacher asked the students what the matter was.The teacher asked the students what was the matter ? 三、賓語從句的時態(tài)要遵循時態(tài)的一致性原則。賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)，常常受主句謂語時態(tài)的制約，這種現(xiàn)象稱為“時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)”，賓語從句時態(tài)不受主句謂語動詞的影響，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。eg. I know that she will leave China tomorrow. Do you know why I could pass the exam last term ? ，賓語從句時態(tài)要用與過去相關(guān)的時態(tài)。比如，一般過去時，過去完成時，過去將來時等等。eg. Mr. King didn’t know when his son came home yesterday evening. He wanted to know when the meeting would start. She didn’t tell us where she lived.3. 主句是一般過去時，但如果賓語從句 表示的是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象，其謂語時態(tài)則仍然一般現(xiàn)在時。eg. The teacher told us light travels much faster than sound . He said that the sun rises in the east. She said that her father is twentyeight years older than her.特別注意：若是主句出現(xiàn) Could you tell me ? Would you please tell me ? 這樣的句型，并不表示過去時只是表示比較婉轉(zhuǎn)的語氣，其后的賓語從句時態(tài)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。不要混淆哦。做題目要特別注意。eg. Could you tell me whether you will call me this evening?四、賓語從句和狀語從句的分辯在某些情況下，同學(xué)們?nèi)菀谆煜e語從句和狀語從句。如if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和條件狀語從句?？梢杂靡韵路椒▉硖幚恚?當(dāng)if解釋為“是否”時，其引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句。遵循賓語從句的時態(tài)規(guī)則。 He doesn’t know if the famous singer will e tomorrow. 當(dāng)if解釋為“如果”時，其引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句。遵循的是“主將從一”的時態(tài)規(guī)則。He will e if he has time tomorrow.五、例題講解(1) He asked ____________.A. that she was free the next weekB. if she has done her work