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介詞的考點(diǎn)歸納(已修改)

2025-05-25 22:27 本頁(yè)面
 

【正文】 介詞的考點(diǎn)歸納:(重點(diǎn)記憶一些方位介詞、時(shí)間介詞、方式介詞及一些介詞短語(yǔ))介詞是一種虛詞,它不能單獨(dú)擔(dān)任句子成分,必須與名詞或代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語(yǔ)或從句構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ),才能擔(dān)任句子成分。一、介詞的種類和介詞短語(yǔ)的用法1.介詞的種類介詞由詞形上可分為簡(jiǎn)單介詞和短語(yǔ)介詞。簡(jiǎn)單介詞知識(shí)一個(gè)單詞,如:in,on,after等。短語(yǔ)介詞是由兩個(gè)以上單詞集合而成,如:outof,infrontof,becauseof,insteadof等。2.介詞短語(yǔ)的用法①作定語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),一律后置。ThebookonthedeskinHeboughtahouseoffiveAgentlemaninwhitecameintothe②作狀語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或者整個(gè)句子。Classesbeginateight.(修飾動(dòng)詞)八點(diǎn)鐘開(kāi)始上課。Janelooksyoungforherage.(修飾形容詞)珍妮看起來(lái)比她的實(shí)際年齡年輕。Theschoolisnotfarfrommyhouse.(修飾形容詞)學(xué)校離我家不遠(yuǎn)。Tomysurprise,LiMingpassedtheexamatall.(修飾全句)使我吃驚的是,李明居然考試及格了。③作表語(yǔ)HeisinWeareagainst/forItwasbecauseoftheheavyrain,wecouldn’tgo,我們出不去了。④作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Makeyourselfat,就和在你自己家一樣。Wemadehimoutof二.表示時(shí)間的介詞表示年、月、日、時(shí)刻等用at,in,on表示時(shí)間的前后用in,before,after表示期限等用by,until,till表示期間等用for,during,through表示時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)等用from,since表示時(shí)間的經(jīng)過(guò)等用in,within1.a(chǎn)t、in、on用在時(shí)間上的區(qū)別:A. at + 鐘點(diǎn)/時(shí)間點(diǎn)/時(shí)間某一時(shí)刻 (at 9:00, atlunch, atbreakfast, atnoon, at night, atthattime,atthemoment)B. in + 某年/某月/某年某月/某個(gè)季節(jié)/某個(gè)世紀(jì)/泛指的早上/下午/晚上inthemorningintheafternoonintheeveninginthe21stcenturyinSeptember 。inMayin1995intheholidayinsummerC. on + 日期/星期/具體的某一天/ 具體的某一天的上午、下午、晚上onMondayonTuesdaymorningonMay4thonacoldnighton a sunny morningonthenightofJuly(the)first在七月一日的夜晚注意:表示時(shí)間的名詞前有this,last,next,every等修飾時(shí),其前面不加介詞。thismorning今天早上;lastMonday上周一;everyweek每周鞏固練習(xí):選擇用at、in、on填空:1._______ 10:40 2.________ 2005 3.________ June 3, 2014 4._________ the afternoon 5.________May, 2012 6.________ winter7.________ Friday 8._______ the 21st century 9._______ a hot summer night 10. _________Saturday morning2.in、after、before用在時(shí)間上的區(qū)別:A. in 在……后in與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),表示“過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。Hewillbebackintwomonths.B. after在……后After與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),后面才能跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。After與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),后面只能跟表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。Hewillarriveafterfouro’clock.Hereturnedafteramonth.ShewenttoNanjinglastMay,andshecamebackafteramonth.C. before 在……前Washyourhandsbeforedinner. 鞏固練習(xí):選擇用in、after填空:1.Her father came back from France ________ two years.2.My parents went to Shanghai yesterday and they will return to Guangzhou ________ three days.3. by,until/till區(qū)別A. by在…前(時(shí)間);截止(到)….HowmanyEnglishbookshadyoureadbytheendoflastyear?到去年年底以前你看過(guò)多少本英文書(shū)?ShehadleftbythetimeI(之前)她已經(jīng)走了。例:bytheendof在??底(之前)bythen到那時(shí)bythetime+從句在??之前B. until/till直到…為止(時(shí)間)Hedidn39。tgotosleepuntil/till12lastnight.Wedidn’tbegintowatchTVuntil/tillnineo’clock.,during,through區(qū)別A.for達(dá)…之久(表示經(jīng)過(guò)了多少時(shí)間)可以和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)、將來(lái)時(shí)連用,但經(jīng)常和完成時(shí)連用。Hehaslivedherefor20WewillstayinthecityfortwoB.during在…期間(后決不能跟表數(shù)字的名詞)theyaregoingtohaveagoodrestduringthesummerC.through一直…(從開(kāi)始到結(jié)束)TheyplayedthecardsthroughtheHestayedinLondonthroughthe5. from,since區(qū)別A.from從…起(時(shí)間)表示“從…開(kāi)始”時(shí),一般都是用詞組from?to?, ThemeetingwillbeheldfromeighttoB.since自從…以來(lái)(表示從以前某時(shí)一直到現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù))用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 后跟時(shí)間點(diǎn)Ihavebeensicksinceyesterday. Tom has played the piano since January.6. in,withinA.in過(guò)…后(未來(lái)時(shí)間)大多用在將來(lái)時(shí)(一般將來(lái)時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))。inanhour一小時(shí)之后inaweekorso大約一星期之后hewillbebackinfiveTheysaidtheywouldarrivehereinaB.within不超過(guò)…的范圍強(qiáng)調(diào)“在??時(shí)間之內(nèi)”,沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的限制within3hours3小時(shí)之內(nèi);withinaweek一周之內(nèi)Imustfinishpaintingthecatwithinfiveminutes.三.表示方位介詞表示場(chǎng)所的介詞:at,in,on,under,over,below, near,between,around表示方向的介詞:into,outof,along,across,through,up,past1. at,in,onat一般指小地方atschool;athome;standatthedoor;atafactory;atthebusstop;atthestation in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi) inBeijing;intheworld;inChina;inthestreet;inbed;intheyardon往往表示“在某個(gè)物體的表面”。onthedesk;onthemap;onthescreen;ontheriver;onthefarm;onthefloor 鞏固練習(xí)Hearrived_______Shanghaiyesterday.Theyarrivedata_______villagebeforedark.Thereisabighole_______thewall.Theteacherputupapicture_______thewall.2.on、above、over、below、under這些方位介詞的區(qū)別:on 在……上面(與表面接觸)Therearetwomapsonthewall.above在……上面,表示在表面不接觸的上方,不一定是正上方。Ourplaneflewabovetheclouds. over 在……上面,表示表面不接觸的上方,指垂直在上的正上方。ThereisalightoverLiMing.below在……下面,指位置低于某物或在某物的下方,但不一定在某物的正下方,其反義詞是above。Therearealotoffishesbelowthesurfaceofthewater.under
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