【正文】
介詞的考點(diǎn)歸納:(重點(diǎn)記憶一些方位介詞、時間介詞、方式介詞及一些介詞短語)介詞是一種虛詞,它不能單獨(dú)擔(dān)任句子成分,必須與名詞或代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句構(gòu)成介詞短語,才能擔(dān)任句子成分。一、介詞的種類和介詞短語的用法1.介詞的種類介詞由詞形上可分為簡單介詞和短語介詞。簡單介詞知識一個單詞,如:in,on,after等。短語介詞是由兩個以上單詞集合而成,如:outof,infrontof,becauseof,insteadof等。2.介詞短語的用法①作定語介詞短語作定語時,一律后置。ThebookonthedeskinHeboughtahouseoffiveAgentlemaninwhitecameintothe②作狀語介詞短語作狀語時,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或者整個句子。Classesbeginateight.(修飾動詞)八點(diǎn)鐘開始上課。Janelooksyoungforherage.(修飾形容詞)珍妮看起來比她的實(shí)際年齡年輕。Theschoolisnotfarfrommyhouse.(修飾形容詞)學(xué)校離我家不遠(yuǎn)。Tomysurprise,LiMingpassedtheexamatall.(修飾全句)使我吃驚的是,李明居然考試及格了。③作表語HeisinWeareagainst/forItwasbecauseoftheheavyrain,wecouldn’tgo,我們出不去了。④作賓語補(bǔ)足語Makeyourselfat,就和在你自己家一樣。Wemadehimoutof二.表示時間的介詞表示年、月、日、時刻等用at,in,on表示時間的前后用in,before,after表示期限等用by,until,till表示期間等用for,during,through表示時間的起點(diǎn)等用from,since表示時間的經(jīng)過等用in,within1.a(chǎn)t、in、on用在時間上的區(qū)別:A. at + 鐘點(diǎn)/時間點(diǎn)/時間某一時刻 (at 9:00, atlunch, atbreakfast, atnoon, at night, atthattime,atthemoment)B. in + 某年/某月/某年某月/某個季節(jié)/某個世紀(jì)/泛指的早上/下午/晚上inthemorningintheafternoonintheeveninginthe21stcenturyinSeptember 。inMayin1995intheholidayinsummerC. on + 日期/星期/具體的某一天/ 具體的某一天的上午、下午、晚上onMondayonTuesdaymorningonMay4thonacoldnighton a sunny morningonthenightofJuly(the)first在七月一日的夜晚注意:表示時間的名詞前有this,last,next,every等修飾時,其前面不加介詞。thismorning今天早上;lastMonday上周一;everyweek每周鞏固練習(xí):選擇用at、in、on填空:1._______ 10:40 2.________ 2005 3.________ June 3, 2014 4._________ the afternoon 5.________May, 2012 6.________ winter7.________ Friday 8._______ the 21st century 9._______ a hot summer night 10. _________Saturday morning2.in、after、before用在時間上的區(qū)別:A. in 在……后in與將來時態(tài)連用時,表示“過多長時間以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段時間的詞語。Hewillbebackintwomonths.B. after在……后After與過去時態(tài)連用時,后面才能跟表示一段時間的詞語。After與將來時態(tài)連用時,后面只能跟表示時間點(diǎn)的詞語。Hewillarriveafterfouro’clock.Hereturnedafteramonth.ShewenttoNanjinglastMay,andshecamebackafteramonth.C. before 在……前Washyourhandsbeforedinner. 鞏固練習(xí):選擇用in、after填空:1.Her father came back from France ________ two years.2.My parents went to Shanghai yesterday and they will return to Guangzhou ________ three days.3. by,until/till區(qū)別A. by在…前(時間);截止(到)….HowmanyEnglishbookshadyoureadbytheendoflastyear?到去年年底以前你看過多少本英文書?ShehadleftbythetimeI(之前)她已經(jīng)走了。例:bytheendof在??底(之前)bythen到那時bythetime+從句在??之前B. until/till直到…為止(時間)Hedidn39。tgotosleepuntil/till12lastnight.Wedidn’tbegintowatchTVuntil/tillnineo’clock.,during,through區(qū)別A.for達(dá)…之久(表示經(jīng)過了多少時間)可以和一般現(xiàn)在時、過去時、將來時連用,但經(jīng)常和完成時連用。Hehaslivedherefor20WewillstayinthecityfortwoB.during在…期間(后決不能跟表數(shù)字的名詞)theyaregoingtohaveagoodrestduringthesummerC.through一直…(從開始到結(jié)束)TheyplayedthecardsthroughtheHestayedinLondonthroughthe5. from,since區(qū)別A.from從…起(時間)表示“從…開始”時,一般都是用詞組from?to?, ThemeetingwillbeheldfromeighttoB.since自從…以來(表示從以前某時一直到現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù))用于現(xiàn)在完成時 后跟時間點(diǎn)Ihavebeensicksinceyesterday. Tom has played the piano since January.6. in,withinA.in過…后(未來時間)大多用在將來時(一般將來時和過去將來時)。inanhour一小時之后inaweekorso大約一星期之后hewillbebackinfiveTheysaidtheywouldarrivehereinaB.within不超過…的范圍強(qiáng)調(diào)“在??時間之內(nèi)”,沒有時態(tài)的限制within3hours3小時之內(nèi);withinaweek一周之內(nèi)Imustfinishpaintingthecatwithinfiveminutes.三.表示方位介詞表示場所的介詞:at,in,on,under,over,below, near,between,around表示方向的介詞:into,outof,along,across,through,up,past1. at,in,onat一般指小地方atschool;athome;standatthedoor;atafactory;atthebusstop;atthestation in一般指大地方或某個范圍之內(nèi) inBeijing;intheworld;inChina;inthestreet;inbed;intheyardon往往表示“在某個物體的表面”。onthedesk;onthemap;onthescreen;ontheriver;onthefarm;onthefloor 鞏固練習(xí)Hearrived_______Shanghaiyesterday.Theyarrivedata_______villagebeforedark.Thereisabighole_______thewall.Theteacherputupapicture_______thewall.2.on、above、over、below、under這些方位介詞的區(qū)別:on 在……上面(與表面接觸)Therearetwomapsonthewall.above在……上面,表示在表面不接觸的上方,不一定是正上方。Ourplaneflewabovetheclouds. over 在……上面,表示表面不接觸的上方,指垂直在上的正上方。ThereisalightoverLiMing.below在……下面,指位置低于某物或在某物的下方,但不一定在某物的正下方,其反義詞是above。Therearealotoffishesbelowthesurfaceofthewater.under