【正文】 全國免費咨詢電話： 4000123267 托福 TPO22套聽力真題（文本） 小馬過河 為大家準備了“ 托福 TPO22套聽力真題（文本） ” ， 供各位備考托福的考生們參考使用，來提高自己的托福成績 ！ 免費咨詢電話： 4000123267。 TPO22 Section1 ConversationStudentamp。Faculty Advisor Narrator Listen to a conversation between a student and a faculty advisor for the university newspaper. Student Hi, I am sorry to bother you, but... Faculty Advisor Yes? Student This is about the newspaper. Faculty Advisor Oh, OK. Well, Iam only the advisor。 the newspaper office is off campus on Pine Street. Eh...what was it? Did you want to work for the paper? We are always looking for writers. Student Well, my problem was with the writing actually, with an article that was published in yesterday’s newspaper. Faculty Advisor Oh? Which one? 全國免費咨詢電話： 4000123267 Student The one about the student government and its president Sally Smith. Faculty Advisor Isthis something to do with what theeditor wrote about the statue?Eh, the statueat the main entranceof the university? Student Well, that’s part of i you know,the editor used thesituation tosay some really unfair things, about thestudent government, and the president Sally Smith in thinkthe paper should publish a retraction, or at the veryleast an apology to Sally. Faculty Advisor OK. Um...if Iremembercorrectly,what you arereferring to wasn’t a news story,but an editorial, right? Eh,it was on theopinion page, it was signed byone ofthe editors, and wasclearly labelled as mentary. Student Well, yes. Butthe thing about the statue,Sally made this simple mentthat was in reallybad condition and should be replaced. And, well, thetone in theeditorial was demeaning. Itaccused her ofnot respecting the past and it had some personal stuff that seemed unnecessary. Faculty Advisor Wait a me. Student 全國免費咨詢電話： 4000123267 Well, you know, it implied that Sally doesn’tknow much about the university’s historyand it called her a big city politician because she’s from Boston. It’s just mean spirited, isn’t it? Faculty Advisor Haven’tyou heard the saying “all publicity is good publicity”? Student Well... Faculty Advisor I’d say the article is bringing attention to thestudent government anization, which is pretty invisible. Eh, you rarelyhear about what thestudent government is doing. Student But thisarticle... Faculty Advisor And thepiece, well,yeah, it had a bit ofan exaggerated wassatirical1, or at least it was meant to wasn’t just poking fun at Sally, but the whole idea that our school is sort ofrural, and you know,not cosmopolitan. Student Well, none of us thought it was veryfunny. Faculty Advisor 全國免費咨詢電話： 4000123267 Well, sometimesit’s best just to rollwith it. Itis just a clich233。 everybody knows it is not true. Student But Ithought we could expectbetter than that here. Faculty Advisor Well, Iam certainly in favor of getting a varietyof viewpoints. 【 So whydon’t you go talk to the editor,Jennifer Hamilton, and tellher you want equal time?You or Sally could writea response. 】 Student 【 Really? She would let us do that?】 Didn’t she write it? Faculty Advisor I’ll letJennifer know you are ing, she feelsthe same wayI do. She is journalism would be happy to publish another point of view. Sarcastic. A satirical drawing, piece of writing, or edy show is one in which humour or exaggeration is used to criticize something. LectureAnthropology(State Formation) Narrator Listen to part ofa lecturein an anthropology class. Professor One of the big questions when we look at prehistoryis: Why did the earliest statesform? 全國免費咨詢電話： 4000123267 Well, to begin we’d betterdefine exactlywhat we mean when we talkabout human groups that are the smallest and have the least social and political plexity,we callbands. The groups that are the largest and most socially and politically plex,we call , the level of plexityhererefersto the anization of people into large, diverse groups, and densely populated munities. And thereare four levels in total: bands, tribes2, chiefdoms and states. But,but back to myoriginal question. Why did earlystatesform? Whynot just continue to live in small groups? Why beemore plex? One theorycalled theenvironmental approach hypothesizesthat the main force behind state formation was population growth. Itassumes that centralized management was criticalto dealing with issues caused by sudden population surges, like a strain on limited food supplies. At theleast plex end ofthe spectrum, thefew families living in bands are able to meettheir own basic hunt together and forage whateverfoods areavailable to them, instead of d