【正文】 TPO TPO TPO TPO 15151515 – – – – Listening Listening Listening Listening Part Part Part Part Conversation Conversation Conversation Conversation 1 1 1 1 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and the faculty advisor of the campus newspaper . Student Hi! I talked to someone on the phone a couple of weeks ago, Anna , I think it was? Advisor I39。m Anna, the faculty advisor Student Oh, great! I39。m Peter Murphy. You probably don39。t r e member me, but … Advisor No! No! I remember you . You39。re interested in working for the paper. Student Yeah, as a reporter . Advisor That39。s right. You39。re taking a jo urnalism class and you ’ ve done some reporting before in high school, right? Student Wow, you have a good memory. Advisor Well we haven ’ t had many students applying lately so … so anyway, you still want to do some reporting for us? Student Yeah, if you have room for me on the staff . Advisor Well we always need more reporters, but you know, we don39。t pay anything, right? Student Yeah, I know, but I huh.. . I39。d like the experience. It would look good on my resume . Advisor Absolutely! Let39。s see . I think I told you that we ask prospective reporters to turn in some outlines for possible articles . Student Yeah, I sent them in about a week ago, but I haven39。t heard anything back yet, so, so I thought I39。d stop by and see, but I guess you haven39。t looked at them yet . Advisor Oh, Max, the news editor. He looks a t all the submissions Student Oh , so he hasn39。t made any decision about me yet? Advisor Well I just got here a few minutes ago... haven39。t been in for a couple of days. Just give me a second to check my . Uh … here is a message from Max. Let ’ s see. Well it seems you ’ ve really impressed him. He says it would be wonderful if you could join our staff. Student Oh, great! When can I start? Advisor WeII, you turned in an outline on something to do with the physics department? Student Yeah, they39。re trying to e up with ways to get more students to take their introductory courses. Advisor Right, well , apparently, nobody else is covering that story , so he wants you to follow up on it. Student OK. Uh … wha t the other outline I sent in, about the proposed increase in tuition fees? Advisor Oh, it lo oks like we39。ve got that covered Student So I am starting with an article about the physics department. I guess I39。d better get to work. Do you have any advice on how I should cover the story? Advisor Well, Max will want to talk to you but I am sure he will tell you to find out things like why the physics department39。s worried about enrollment. Has the number of students been getting smaller in recent years? By how much? What kinds of plans are they considering to address this problem? Student Right, some of those issues are already in what I proposed . Advisor And you39。ll want to do some interviews, you know, what do the professors think of the plans , what do the students think you get the idea but … Student But w ai t till I talk to Max before proceeding . Advisor Right, he39。ll cover everything you need to know to be a report e r for us . Can you e back this afternoon? He will be here until 5 o39。clock . Lecture Lecture Lecture Lecture 1 1 1 1 Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class Professor For decades, psychologists have been looking at our ability to perform tasks while other things are going on, how we are able to keep from being distracted and what the conditi ons for good concentration are. As long ago as 1982, researchers came up with something call ed the CFQ the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. This questionnaire asks people to rate themselves according to how often they get distracted in different situations, like h um … .. fetti ng to save a puter file because they had something else on their mind or missing a speed limit sign on the road. John? John I39。ve lost my share of puter files, but not because I ’ m easily distracted. I just fet to save them. Professor And that39。s part of the problem with th e CFQ. It doesn ’ t take other factors into account enough, like fetfulness. Plus you really can ’ t say you are getting objective scientific results from a subjective questionnaire where people report on themselves. S o it ’ s no surprise that someone attempted to design an objective way to measure distraction. I t ’ s a simple puter game designed by a psychologist named, Nilli Lavie. In Lavie ’ s game, people watch as the letters N and X appear and disappear in a certain area on the puter screen. Every time they see