【正文】 International Settlement Wangshu Chapter One Introduction ? Concept ? Category ? Evolution ? Players and theirs roles ? Factors in payment decisions ? Characteristics and developing trend ? Correspondent banking relationship the financial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another in order to settle claims and debts,emerged in the course of political ,economic or cultural contacts among them. Meaning of International Settlement ?Negotiable intsruments(票據(jù) ): bills of exchange, promissory notes, checks ?Payment techniques: remittances,collections, letters of credit, bank guarantees, international factoring and forfaiting ?Documents: bills of lading,insurance policies, certificates of origin, etc ? Trade settlement: payments for visible trades ? Nontrade settlement: invisible trade settlement： payments for services, technology transfer, patents and copyright contracts, etc financial transaction settlement： buying and selling of financial assets, overseas moneyraising and investing payments between governments： aids and grants others: overseas remittances, inheritances, etc Category of international settlement ? From cash settlement to noncash settlement ? From goods trading to documents trading ? From direct payment between traders to payment effected through a financial intermediary safety, high efficiency, low cost, standardization ? Electronic settlement SWIFT CHIPS CHAPS FEDWIRE TARGET Evolution of international settlement SWIFT(Society for worldwide interbank financial telemunication)環(huán)球同業(yè)銀行金融電訊協(xié)會(huì) 特點(diǎn) :標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化 。安全可靠 ,自動(dòng)加核密押 。高速度 ,低費(fèi)用 . 業(yè)務(wù)分類(lèi) :客戶匯款 (customer transfer)。銀行頭寸調(diào)撥(bank transfer)。外匯業(yè)務(wù) (foreign exchange confirmations)。托收業(yè)務(wù) (collections)。證券業(yè)務(wù)(securities)。貴金屬和銀團(tuán)貸款業(yè)務(wù) (precious metals and syndication)。信用證和保函 (documentary credits and guarantees)。旅行支票 (travelers cheques)。銀行帳單處理業(yè)務(wù) (statements). ? Exporter to get prompt payment。 minimize nonpayment risks ? Importer to receive goods as ordered。 pay as late as possible ? Financial intermediary to maximize revenues。 credit risks associated with financing extended to buyers or sellers Players and their roles To exporters: ? protection against nonpayment risks by the importers, such as: mercial risks, financial risks。 political risks。 risks in control of title to the goods,etc. ? convenience。 ? cost。 ? mercial petitiveness Factors in the payment decision 1. the scale and scope of international settlement get greater and greater 2. International lending and financing is closely bined with international payments 3. On the basis of international customs and practice 4. International guarantees applied to international settlement 5. More diversified vehicle currencies 6. The proportion of mercial credit in international settlement gets bigger 7. A much facilitated international banking work connected with electronic telemunication Characteristics and developing trend ? Correspondent bank 代理行 the basis for cooperation of mercial banks all over the world to fulfill international settlement “a bank having direct connection or friendly service relations with another bank.” ? Selecting a correspondent bank: reputation and creditworthiness。 size and financial status。 location。 services offered by it。 polices and strength of it Correspondent banking relationship The establishment of a correspondent bank ?Correspondent arrangement ?Control documents控制文件 Specimen of authorized signatures授權(quán)簽字樣本 Telegraphic test key/SWIFT authentic key密押 Schedule of terms and conditions費(fèi)率表 Chapter two Negotiable instruments ? General introduction ? Bill of Exchange/Draft ? Promissory Note ? Check ? What is a negotiable instrument? ? Forms of circulation ? Characteristics of negotiable instruments ? Functions of negotiable instruments ? Parties to a negotiable instrument ? Title to a negotiable instrument ? Negotiable instrument laws General introduction ? in a broad sense, a negotiable instrument refers to any mercial title ownership. ? in a narrow sense, a negotiable instrument is a written document that contains an unconditional promise by the drawer to pay the payee or an unconditional order by the drawer to the drawee to pay the payee a fixed amount of money at a definite time meaning of negotiable instruments ? 過(guò)戶轉(zhuǎn)讓?zhuān)?assignment） 非流通 特點(diǎn)：書(shū)面形式 轉(zhuǎn)讓通知原債務(wù)人或登記過(guò)戶 受讓人權(quán)利受前手缺陷 的影響 當(dāng)事人：轉(zhuǎn)讓人、受讓人、原始債務(wù)人 ? 交付轉(zhuǎn)讓 (transfer) 準(zhǔn)流通或半流通 特點(diǎn)： 交付背書(shū)轉(zhuǎn)讓 不通知原債務(wù)人 受讓人的權(quán)利受前手權(quán)利缺陷的影響 當(dāng)事人： 轉(zhuǎn)讓人，受讓人 ? 流通轉(zhuǎn)讓 (negotiation) 完全流通 特點(diǎn)： 正當(dāng)受讓人權(quán)利優(yōu)于前手，不受其缺陷的影響 forms of circulation 舉例說(shuō)明：甲欠乙 100元而出具以乙為債權(quán)人的字據(jù)給乙 ， 讓其憑字據(jù)找丙去取 ， 同時(shí)乙原來(lái)曾欠丙 30元未還 ， 隨后乙將此字據(jù)又轉(zhuǎn)讓給丁 。 問(wèn)丁能否從丙處獲得全額款項(xiàng) ？ 如是字據(jù) ， 按民法原則 ， 丙可采取將其對(duì)乙的 30元債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓給丁的辦法來(lái)沖抵而只需付 70 如是票據(jù) ， 按票據(jù)法原則 ， 必須全額付款 ， 而不能用乙的權(quán)利缺陷來(lái)對(duì)抗丁的正當(dāng)票據(jù)權(quán)利 ? Negotiability ? Noncausative ? Requisite in form ? Literally determined content ? Presenting for payment Characteristics of negotiable instruments 案例分析 1997年 8月，某市 A公司與新加坡 B商簽訂了一份進(jìn)口膠合板的合同。合同總金額為 700萬(wàn)美元，支付方式為付款交單，允許分批裝運(yùn)。第一批價(jià)值為 60萬(wàn)美元的膠合板準(zhǔn)時(shí)到貨，質(zhì)量良好，對(duì)雙方合作很滿意。就在第二批交貨期來(lái)臨之際， B商向 A公司提出：鑒于貴公司資金周轉(zhuǎn)困難，為了幫助貴方，我方允許貴公司采取遠(yuǎn)期付款。 貴公司作為買(mǎi)方，可以給我方開(kāi)出一張見(jiàn)票后一年付款 700萬(wàn)美元的匯票，請(qǐng)中國(guó)人民建設(shè)銀行某市分行承兌。承兌后，我方保證將 700萬(wàn)美元的膠合板在一年內(nèi)交貨。貴方全部收貨后，再付給我方 700萬(wàn)美元的貨款。 A公司以為現(xiàn)在不付款，只開(kāi)張遠(yuǎn)期票據(jù)就可得到貨物在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)銷(xiāo)售，于是欣然接受了 B商的建議，給 B商簽發(fā)了一張見(jiàn)票后一年付款 700萬(wàn)美元的匯票。但 A公司始料不及的是，B商將這張承兌了的遠(yuǎn)期票據(jù)在新加坡的美國(guó)銀行貼現(xiàn) 600萬(wàn)美元。從此卻一張膠合板都不交給 A公司。事實(shí)上， B商將這筆巨款騙到手后便無(wú)影無(wú)蹤了。 一年后，新加坡的美國(guó)銀行持這張承兌了的遠(yuǎn)期票據(jù)請(qǐng)建行某市分行付款。盡管 B商沒(méi)有交貨，某市分行卻不得以此為理由拒絕向善意持票人美國(guó)銀行支付票據(jù)