【正文】 中考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)專題一 名 詞命題點(diǎn)一 名詞詞義辨析（8 年 8 考 29 次） 1. —Which season do you like best? — _______. Because I like go skiing. A. Summer B. Spring C. Autumn D. Winter2．— Which ______ do you like better, English or math? — I prefer English to math. A. subject B. language C. school D. grade 命題點(diǎn)二 名詞的數(shù)與名詞所有格（8 年 5 考 6 次）名詞是中考考查的重點(diǎn)?？疾閮?nèi)容主要為：1. 名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)律及其用法； 2. 不可數(shù)名詞量的表達(dá)法；3. 名詞所有格的變化及其用法； 4. 名詞作主語的一致問題；5. 常用專有名詞的表示法； 6. 具體語境中名詞的詞義和一些常用易混淆名詞的區(qū)別。Ⅰ.名詞的定義專有名詞是具體的人和事物等特有名稱。專有名詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫，人名、地名、公共節(jié)日及月份、周日的名稱等等都是屬于專有名詞。（見資料） 如：Yao Ming 姚明； China 中國；Christmas 圣誕節(jié)等。 Ⅱ. 可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 普通名詞按照其所表示的事物的性質(zhì)分為可數(shù)名詞和 不可數(shù)名詞。 1．可數(shù)名詞 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。如：an apple。 two apples 。 ★ 注意： a 用于以輔音音素( 指音標(biāo)) 開頭的單數(shù)名詞前； an 用于以元音音素( 指音標(biāo)) 開頭的單數(shù)名詞前。 如：a book/buk/, a useful/ju:sful/ book ，an apple/’aepl/ ，a red apple , an hour/’aua/ 2．不可數(shù)名詞: 不可數(shù)名詞包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。Ⅲ. 名詞的數(shù)1. 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則變化：情況構(gòu)成方法讀音例詞一般情況加 s清輔音后讀/s/mapmaps濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/bagbags /carcars以s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾加 es讀 /iz/busbuses/ watchwatchesWishwishes/ boxboxes以ce, se, ze,等結(jié)尾加 s讀 /iz/licenselicenses以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y 為i再加es讀 /z/babybabies以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f或fe為v,再加es讀 /vz/shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.2. 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的的不規(guī)則變化 (1)元音或詞尾發(fā)生變化 如：man→men。 woman→women。 Frenchman→Frenchmen。 tooth→teeth。 foot→feet。 child→children (2)單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同 如：sheep→sheep。 fish→fish。 Chinese→Chinese。 Japanese→Japanese。 yuan→yuan　 (3)形式為單數(shù)意思為復(fù)數(shù) 如：people，police（集合名詞） (4)形式為復(fù)數(shù)意思為單數(shù)如：news, maths, physics, the United States等。 (5)只用復(fù)數(shù)形式如：pants, shorts, clothes，glasses(眼鏡)等。3. 不可數(shù)名詞的量的表示：（不能直接用數(shù)字；不能直接加a。an；無復(fù)數(shù)形式） Ⅳ.名詞的所有格：1. 有生命的名詞所有格 (1) 單數(shù)名詞后加’s 。如：my brother’s book (2) 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加’s 。如：the children’s football (3) 以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加’ 。如：the boys’ game (4) 以s 結(jié)尾的專有名詞后直接加’ 。如：Dickens’ novels (5) 某物為兩個(gè)名詞共有時(shí)，在第二個(gè)名詞后加’s : 如：Tom and David’s room. (6) 表示兩個(gè)名詞各自擁有的東西，在兩個(gè)名詞后都加’s: 如：Tom’s and David’s rooms.2. 無生命的事物的名詞所有格(of所有格) 練一練：寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)。I _________ him _________ this _______her ______ watch _______ mango____child _______ photo ________ diary ______ day_______ foot________ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______ sandwich ______man ______woman _______leaf_______ people________用所給名詞的正確形式填空。（1）Are there two( box ) on the table?（2）I can see some ( people ) in the cinema.（3）How many ( day ) are there in a week?（4）Here’re five( bottle ) of ( juice ) for you.（5）This( violin ) is hers. Those ( grape ) are over there.1. They got much ________ on the Internet. It’s very useful A. photo B. idea C. massage D. information2. I’m really sorry I’m late. I hope I didn’t cause you ___________.A too much trouble B so many troubles C much too trouble D so more troubles3. When we saw Liu Xiang’s face, we knew __________ was bad.A some news B a news C the news D news4. Excuse me, could you please move over a little and make some ______ for me? Sure.A places B seats C room D ground5 ________ lovely day! Let’s go for a piic, shall we? Good idea!A What B How C What a D How a 6. _________ wonderful movie! We like it very much. A What B What a C How D How a delicious food your mother cooked for us yesterday! A How a B How C What a D What8. The woman over there is __________ mother.A Lucy and Lily B Lucy’s and Lily C Lucy’s and Lily’s D Lucy’ and Lily’s9. The market isn’t far from here. It’s only ________bicycle ride.A half an hour s’ B half an hour’s C half an hour D an hour and a half10. Excuse me! Is the supermarket far from here? No, it’s about ___________.A 7 minutes walk B 7 minute walk C 7 minutes’ walk D 7 minute’s walk11. How soon shall we start the bicycle trip? _________.A In three days’ B after three days C in three days’ time D after three day’s time12. ________ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _____ teachers.A A number of ,women B A number of ,woman C The number of ,women D The number of ,woman13 There are fortyfive ________ in this school.A man teachers B men teacher C men teachers D man teacher14 Two bags are on the table. They are _________. A Lucy and Lily B Lucy’s and Lily C Lucy’s and Lily’s D Lucy’ and Lily’s on, children. Help yourselves to some _________ if you like.A fish and chicken B fishes and chicken C fish and chickens D fishes and chickens16 _________ room is big and bright. They like it very much.A Tom and Sam B Tom’s and Sam C Tom and Sam’s D Tom’s and Sam’s17 The customers are pleased with the ________ of the restaurant.A balance B experience C surface D service18 Father’s Day is ing. What should I buy for my father? Why not ________ ? He likes sports.A a scarf B a key ring C a pair of jeans D a pair of running shoes19 The PLA man saved three ______ lives in the accident. A children’s B children C child D childs’20 Paper making is _______ of ancient China.A one of greatest inventor B one of the greatest inventors C one of greatest inventions D one of the greatest inventions專題二、冠詞命題點(diǎn)一 不定冠詞a/an的用法（8年5考7次） 命題點(diǎn)二 定冠詞的用法（2013重慶A卷24題）命題點(diǎn)三 零冠詞的基本用法 （相對(duì)考的較少）1. Jolin is ______ famous singer. She has a lot of fans. A. a B. an C. the D. /2. David is _______ honest boy. He doesn’t like tell lies. A. an B. a C. the D. /an apple/ an artist/ an aunt/ an Asain country/ an American girl/ an English dictionarya European country/ an egg/ an eightyearold boy/an11yearold boyⅠ.冠詞的定義 冠詞是虛詞。通常放在名詞之前，用來說明名詞所表示的人或事物。冠詞分為不定冠詞（a和an）和定冠詞(the)兩類。 Ⅱ.冠詞的用法1．不定冠詞a, an的用法(1)泛指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或何物。A girl is waiting for you.(2) 不定冠詞a 用在以輔音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前；a useful book。 a desk。不定冠詞an 用在以元音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。如： an old man。 an actor。 an “m” 。 (3) 第一次提到某人或某物而非特指時(shí)。如：There is a book on the desk, but the book isn’t mine.(4) 表示人或事物的某一類。如：An elephant is bigger than a tiger.(5) 用于表時(shí)間、速度、價(jià)格等意義的名詞之前，有“ 每一” 的意思，相當(dāng)every 如： three times a week.(6) 表示數(shù)量，有“一”的意思，但數(shù)的概念沒