英國文學(xué)作品與作家(已修改)
2024-11-17 22:49 本頁面
【正文】 一、 Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?喬叟 1343~1400 (首創(chuàng)“雙韻體”，英國文學(xué)史上首先用倫敦方言寫作。約翰德萊頓（ John Dryden）稱其為“英國詩歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。 ) The father of English poetry. Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. 作品： ① The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集： first time to use ‘ heroic couplet’ (雙韻體 ) by middle English ② Troilus and Criseyde特羅勒斯與克麗西德 ③ The House of Fame聲譽之堂 ④ The book of the Duchess公爵夫人之書 ⑤ The Parliament of Fowls百鳥議會 二、 William Shakespeare 威廉?莎士比亞1564~1616lplaywright,poet 評價 ments： Widely regarded as the greatest writer in English literature 莎士比亞同時代戲劇家本瓊森（ Ben Johnson） 他不屬于一個時代，而是屬于。（ He was not of an age, but for all time.） 作品： ① Historical plays: Henry VI 。 Henry IV : Richard III 。 Henry V ； Richard II； Henry VIII ② Four Comedies: As You Like It皆大歡喜 。 Twelfth Night第十二夜 。 A Midsummer Night’ S Dream仲夏夜之夢 。 Merchant Of Venice威尼斯商人 ③ Four Tragedies: Hamlet哈姆萊特 。 Othello奧賽羅 。 King Lear李爾王 。 Macbeth麥克白 ④ Shakespeare Son :154 The Sons Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg 三、 Francisl Bacon 弗蘭西斯?培根 1561~1626 Bacon’ s quote knowledge is power 知識就是力量。 Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt, and cannot last。 and for the most part it makes a dissolute youth, and an age a little out of countenance 美猶如盛夏的水果，是容易腐爛而難保持的，世上有許多美人，她們有過放蕩的青春，卻迎受著愧悔的晚年。 Natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study。 and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 天生的能力好像天然生成的植物，必須通過學(xué)習(xí)加以修整；然而學(xué)習(xí)本身如若不由實踐去約束，必然方向紛雜而漫無目的。 Virtue is like a rich stone, best plain set 美德好比寶石，在樸素背景的襯托下反而更華麗。 評價 ?? the founder of English materialist philosophy. ?? The founder of modern science in England. ?? a representative of the English renaissance. ?? a wellknown philosopher, scientist and essayist. Bacon’ s works establish and popularize an inductive methodology for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method. Induction（歸納法） implies drawing knowledge from the natural world through experimentation, observation, and testing of hypotheses. （哲學(xué)家、散文家；在論述探究知識的著作中提出了知識就 是力量這一著名論斷；近代唯物主義哲學(xué)的奠基人和近代實驗科學(xué)的先驅(qū)。） Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English “英國唯物主義及現(xiàn)代實驗科學(xué)之父” Writing style: brevity, pactnessamp。powerfulness, wellarranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man’ s reason. 作品： ① The Advancement of Learning學(xué)術(shù)的推進，總結(jié)了前人
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