【正文】 1 The chessboard is the world: the pieces are the phenomena of the universe。 the rules of the game are what we call the laws of nature. The player on the other side is hidden from us. We know that his play is always fair, just and patient. But also we know, to our cost, that he never overlooks a mistake, or makes the smallest allowance for ignorance. By Thomas Henry Huxley 棋盤宛如世界：一個(gè)個(gè)棋子仿佛世間的種種現(xiàn)象：游戲規(guī)則就是我們所稱的自然法則。競爭對手藏于暗處，不為我們所見。我們知曉，這位對手向來處事公平，正義凜然，極富耐心。然而，我們也明白，這位對手從不忽視任何錯(cuò)誤，或者因?yàn)槲覀兊臒o知而做出一絲讓步，所以我們也必須為此付出代價(jià)。 It was the best of times, it was the worst of times。 it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness。 it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity。 it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness。 it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair。 we had everything before us, we had nothing before us。 we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way. Excerpt from A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens 這是一個(gè)最好的時(shí)代，也是一個(gè)最壞的時(shí)代；這是明智的年代，這是愚昧的年代；這是信任的紀(jì)元，這是懷疑的紀(jì)元；這是光明的季節(jié)，這是黑暗的季節(jié)；這是希望的春日，這是失望的冬日；我們面前應(yīng)有盡有，我們面前一無所有；我們都將直下地獄 ?? Equality and Greatness Between persons of equal ine there is no social distinction except the distinction of merit. Money is nothing。character,conduct,and capacity are of all the workers being leveled down to low wage standards and all the rich leveled up to fashionbale ine standards,everybody under a system of equal ines would find his or her own natural would be great people and ordinary people and little peolpe,but the great would always be those who had done great things,and never the idiot whose mother had spoiled them and whose father had left a hunred thousand a year。and the little would be persons of small minds and mean characters,and not poor persons who had never had a is why idiots are always in favour of inequality of ine(their only chance of eminence),and the really great in favour of equality. 收入相當(dāng)?shù)娜顺似沸藻漠愐酝鉀]有社會(huì)差別。金錢不能說明什么；性格，行為， 能力才代表一切。在收入平等制度下，每個(gè)人將會(huì)找到他或她正常的地位，而不2 是所有的工人被劃到應(yīng)拿低工資階層，所有的富人被劃到應(yīng)得高收入的階層。人有卓著偉人，平庸之輩和碌碌小人之別，然偉人總是那些有所建樹之人，而非從小深受母親溺愛 ，父親每年留下一大筆錢之人；碌碌小人總是那些心胸狹窄，品德卑劣之人，而不是那些從未獲取機(jī)會(huì)的窮人。愚蠢之眾總是贊成收入不平等（他們職能憑借這種機(jī)會(huì)才能為人所知），而真正偉大之人則主張平等相待，原因就在于此。 Great Expectations As the night was fast falling,and as the moon,being past the full,would not rise early,we held a little council:a short one,for clearly our course was to lie by at the first lonely tavern we could ,they plied their oars once more,and I looked out for anything like a we held on,speaking little,for four or five dull was very cold,and,a collier ing by us,with her galleryfire smoking and flaring,looked like a fortable night was as dark by this time as it would be until morning。and what light we had,seemed to e more from the river than the sky,as the oars in their dipping stuck at a few reflected stars. 天黑得很快，偏巧這天又是下弦月，月亮不會(huì)很早升起。我們就稍稍商量了一下，可是也用不著多討論，因?yàn)榍闆r是明擺著的，再劃下去我們一遇到冷落的酒店就得投宿。于是他們又使勁打起漿來，我則用心尋找岸上是否隱隱約約有什么房屋的模樣。這樣又趕了四五英里路，一路上好不氣悶，大家簡直不說一句話。天氣非常冷，一艘煤船從我們近旁駛過，船上廚房里生著火，炊煙縷縷，火光熒熒，在我們看來簡直就是個(gè)安樂家了。這時(shí)夜已透黑，看來就要這樣一直黑到天明，我們僅有的一點(diǎn)光亮似乎不是來自天空，而是來自河上，一漿又一漿的，攪動(dòng)著那寥寥 幾顆倒映在水里的寒星。 The doer of Deeds It is not the critic who counts,not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles,the doer of deeds could have done them better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arens,whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood。who stives valiantly。who errs,and es short again and again。because there is not effort without error and shorting。but who does actually strive to do the deeds。who knows the great enthusiasms,the great devotions。who spends himself in a worthy cause,who at the best knows in the end the triumphs of high achievement and who at the worst,if he fails,at least fails whiledaring greatly,so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who know neither victory nor defeat. 真正令人尊敬的并非那些評論家和那些指出強(qiáng)者是如何跌倒，實(shí)干家本該做得更好的人。 3 榮譽(yù)屬于那些親臨競技場，滿臉污泥，汗水和鮮血的人。他們不懈努力，他們曾犯過過錯(cuò)，并一再失敗。因?yàn)楦冻黾匆馕吨稿e(cuò)和失敗。他們滿懷激情地努力做事，執(zhí)著不懈，將生命奉獻(xiàn)于崇高的事業(yè)。他們?yōu)榻?jīng)過艱辛努力最終取得的偉大成就而自豪，如果失敗，他們夜敗的榮耀。因而，這樣的人永遠(yuǎn)不應(yīng)與那些不知道勝利，也從未失敗過的冷淡而膽怯的靈魂相提并論。 American dream To Americans, industriousness, thrift and ambition are possitive values. We encourage our children to be petitive, to get ahead, to make money, to acquire possassion. In games and in business alike, the aim is to win the game, the trorphy, the contract. We go in for laboursaving devices, gadgets, speed and shortcuts. We think every young couple should set up a home of their own. And we pity the couple who must share their home with their parent, let alone with other relatives. Actually, of course, not all Americans hold all these values. And those who do may hold other, and at times controdictary values that affect their ways of behaving. In the main, however,the collective expectation of our society is that these are desirable goals, and the individual, whatever his personal inclination, is under considerable pressure to conform. Shakespeare is above all writers, at least above all modern writers, the poet of nature。 the poet that holds up to his readers a faithful mirror of manners and of life. His characters are not modified by the customs of particular places, unpractised by the rest of the world。 by the peculiarities of studies or professions, which can operate but upon small numbers。 or by the accidents of transient fashions or temporary opinions: they are the genuine progeny of mon humanity, such as the world will always supply, and observation will always find. His persons act and speak by the influnce of those general passions and principles by which all minds are agitated, and the whole system of life is continued in motion. In the writings of other poets a character is too often an individual。 in those of Shakespeare it is monly a species. Except from The Major Works by Sammuel Johnson 莎士比亞的才華高于