【導(dǎo)讀】競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手藏于暗處，不為我們所見(jiàn)。我們知曉，這位對(duì)手向來(lái)處事公平，正義凜然，極富耐心。然而，我們也明白，這位對(duì)手從不忽視任何錯(cuò)誤，或者因。為我們的無(wú)知而做出一絲讓步，所以我們也必須為此付出代價(jià)。收入相當(dāng)?shù)娜顺似沸藻漠愐酝鉀](méi)有社會(huì)差別。金錢不能說(shuō)明什么；性格，行為，能力才代表一切。在收入平等制度下，每個(gè)人將會(huì)找到他或她正常的地位，而不。是所有的工人被劃到應(yīng)拿低工資階層，所有的富人被劃到應(yīng)得高收入的階層。德卑劣之人，而不是那些從未獲取機(jī)會(huì)的窮人。愚蠢之眾總是贊成收入不平等（他。天黑得很快，偏巧這天又是下弦月，月亮不會(huì)很早升起。這樣又趕了四五英里路，一路上好不氣悶，大家簡(jiǎn)直不說(shuō)一句話。非常冷，一艘煤船從我們近旁駛過(guò)，船上廚房里生著火，炊煙縷縷，火光熒熒，在我們看來(lái)簡(jiǎn)直就是個(gè)安樂(lè)家了。這時(shí)夜已透黑，看來(lái)就要這樣一直黑到天明，那寥寥幾顆倒映在水里的寒星。

　　

【正文】 insects in a microscope, to read history and witness the revolutions of empirees and the succession of generations ,to hear the gloryof Sidon and Tyre of Babylon and Susa,as of a fade pegeant,anf ti say all these wereand are now nothing. to think that we exist in such a point of time, and in such a corner of space,to be at once spectators and a part of the moving scene to watch the return of the seasons, of spring and autumn, to hear 13 The stock dove plain amid the forest deep, That drowsy rustles to the sighing gale. to traverse desert wildness, to listen to thedungeon39。s gloom,or sit in crowded theatres and see life itself mocked, to feel heat and cold,pleasure and pain right and wrong,truth and falsehood, to study the works of art and refine the sense of beauty to agony, to worship fame and to dream ofimmortality, to have read Shakespeare and Beloit to the same species as Sir isaac Newton to be and to do all this and then in a moment to be nothing to have it all snatched from one like a juggler39。s ball or a phantasmagoria..... 我們看到金色的太陽(yáng)，蔚藍(lán)的天空，廣闊的海洋；我們漫步在綠油油的大地上，做萬(wàn)物的主人；我們俯視令人目眩心悸的懸崖峭壁，遠(yuǎn)眺鮮花盛開(kāi)的山谷；我們把地圖攤開(kāi)，任意指點(diǎn)全球；我們把星辰移到眼前觀看，還在顯微鏡下觀察極其微小的生物，我們學(xué)歷史，親自目睹帝國(guó)的興亡，時(shí)代的交替；我們聽(tīng)人談?wù)撐黝D、推羅、巴比倫和蘇撒的勛業(yè)，如同聽(tīng)一番往昔的盛會(huì)，聽(tīng)了以后，我們說(shuō)這些事確實(shí)發(fā)生過(guò)，但現(xiàn)在卻是過(guò)眼云煙了；我們思考著自己生活的時(shí)代，生活的地區(qū)；我們?cè)谌松幕顒?dòng)舞臺(tái)上既當(dāng)觀眾，又當(dāng)演員；我們觀察四季更迭，春秋代序，我們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)了 ___ 野鴿在濃密的樹(shù)林中哀訴， 樹(shù)林隨微風(fēng)的嘆息而低語(yǔ)。 ___ 我們橫絕大漠；我們傾聽(tīng)了子夜的歌聲；我們光顧燈火輝煌的廳堂，走下陰森森的地牢，或者坐在萬(wàn)頭攢動(dòng)的劇院里觀看生活本身受到的摩擬；我們親身感受炎熱和寒冷，快樂(lè)和痛苦，正義和邪惡，真理和謬誤；我們鉆研藝術(shù)作品，把自己的美感提高到極其敏銳的程度；我們崇拜榮譽(yù)，夢(mèng)想不朽；我們閱讀莎士比亞，或者把自己和牛頓爵士視為同一族類，正當(dāng)我們面臨這一切，從事這一切的時(shí)候，自己卻在一剎那之間化為虛無(wú)，眼前的一切像是魔術(shù)師手中的圓球，像是一場(chǎng)幻影，一下子全都消失得無(wú)影無(wú)蹤 ...... The English Character The English seem as silent as the Japanese, yet vainer than the inhabitants of Siam. Upon my arrival I attributed that reserve to modesty, which, I now find, has its origin in pride. Condescend to address them first, and you are sure of their acquaintance。 stoop to flattery, and you conciliate their friendship and esteem. They bear hunger, cold, fatigue, and all the miseries of life without shrinking, danger only calls forth their fortitude。 they even exult in calamity, but contemp is what they cannot bear. An Englishman fears contempt more than death。 he often flies to death 14 as a refuge from its pressure, and dies when he fancies the world has creased to esteem him. by Oliver Goldsmith The Use of History There are two ways of thinking of history. There is, first, history regarded as a way of looking at other things, really the temporal aspect of anything, from the universe to this nib with which I am writing. Everything has its history. There is the history of the universe, if only we knew it－ and we know something of it, if we do not know much. Nor is the contrast so great, when you e to think of it, between the universe and this pennib. A mere pennib has quite a considerable history. There is, to begin with, what has been written with it, and that might be something quite important. After all it was probably only one quillpen or a couple that wrote Hamlet. Whatever has been written with the pennib is part of its history. In addition to that there is the history of its manufacture: this particular nib is a 39。Relief39。 nib, No. 314, made by R. Esterbrook and Co. in England, who supply the Midland Bank with pennibs, from whom I got it— a gift, I may say, but behind this nib there is the whole process of manufacture. In fact a pen nib implies of universe, and the history of it implies its history. We may regard this way of looking at it— history as the timeaspect of all things: a pennib, the universe, the fiddled before me as I write, as a relative conception of history. There is, secondly, what we mat call a substantive conception of history, what we usually mean by it, history proper as a subject of study in itself. Excerpt from The Use of History by the study of words That if your vocabulary is limited your chances of success are limited. That one of the easiest and quickest ways to get ahead is by consciously building up your knowledge of words. 15 The the vocabulary of the average person almost stops growing by the middle that from then on it is necessary to have an intelligent plan if progress is to be haphazard hitormiss methods will do. The study of words is not merely something that has to do with are your tools of can39。t even think at all without you are planning to go downtown thin afternoon you will find that you are saying to yourself,I think i will go downtown this afternoon.You can39。t make such a simple decision as this without using words. Without words you could make no decisions and from no judgements pianist may have the most beautiful tunes in his head,but if he had only five keys on his piano he would never get more than a fraction of these tunes out. The study of words is not only to improve the processes of your will give you assurance。build your selfconfidence。lend color to your personality。increase your words are your vocabulary is your words are all that we,your friends,have to know and judge you have no other medium for telling us your thoughtsfor convincing us,persuading us,giving us orders. Did you deal with fortune fairly Most people plain of fortune, few of nature。 and the kinder they think the latter has been to them, the more they murmur at what they call the injustice of the former. Why have not I the riches, the rank, the power, of such and such, is the mon expostulation with fortune。 but why have not I the merit, the talents, the wit, or the beauty, of such and such others, is a reproach rarely or never made to nature. The truth is, that nature, seldom profuse, and seldom niggardly, has distributed her gifts more equally than she is generally supposed to have done. Education and situation make the great difference. Culture improves