解破學(xué)生殖系統(tǒng)ppt課件(已修改)
2025-05-16 12:10 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 1 Hunan University of Arts and Science HUMAN ANATOMY 2 Question: How many reference lines in the thorax and abdomen? Answer: more than 12 reference lines which are listed below: Median lines: Anterior median line and posterior median line Axillary lines: Anterior axillary line, midaxillary line, posterior axillary line Sternal lines: Lateral sternal line, parasternal line Horizontal line: Subcostal line,transtubercular line Midclavicular line, scapular line, paravertebral line 3 Content Chapter 5 The Alimentary System The General Description The Alimentary Canal. The Digestive Glands. 4 The basic constituents of the digestive system The main functions of the digestive system Section 1 The General Description Content 5 167。 ⒈ The basic constituents of the digestive system Digestive canal Accessory ans The mouth The pharynx The esophagus The stomach The intestine The teeth The tongue The gallbladder The salivary glands The liver The pancreas 消化系統(tǒng) 6 Stomach Liver Ileum Jejunum Major salivary glands Pharynx Esophagus Mouth Duodenum Rectum Large intestine Pancreas 7 ② Absorption of the nutrient ponents (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and water) 營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的吸收 167。⒉ The main functions of the digestive system ① Ingestion of foods 攝入食物 ③ Defecation 排便 : the elimination of indigestible substances from the body via the anus in the form of feces. 8 The oral cavity 口腔 The pharynx 咽 The esophagus 食管 The stomach 胃 The small intestine 小腸 The large intestine 大腸 Section 2 The Digestive Duct 9 167。 ⒈ The oral cavity 口腔 ⑴ The oral cavity includes two parts: The Oral Vestibule 口腔前庭 The Oral Cavity Proper 固有口腔 The oral cavity 口腔前庭為口腔內(nèi)牙齦、牙弓外側(cè)部的部分，外界為唇和頰，內(nèi)界為牙齦和牙齒。 固有口腔上壁為硬腭和軟腭，下壁為舌、粘膜和骨骼肌，側(cè)壁為牙弓、牙齒和牙齦。 10 The Oral Vestibule口腔前庭 The Oral Cavity Proper固有口腔 11 The Oral Vestibule 口腔前庭 12 The Oral Cavity Proper 固有口腔 13 It constitutes the roof of the mouth and the floor of the nasal cavity (鼻腔 ). ⑵ The palate (腭 ) Hard palate (硬腭 )： an anterior 2/3 part Soft palate (軟腭 ): a posterior 1/3 part The palate 硬腭主要以骨腭為基礎(chǔ)，覆蓋黏膜而成。 軟腭由肌、肌腱和粘膜組成，后部斜向后下，稱腭帆。腭帆后緣游離，中央有向下的突起稱腭垂。 14 Hard palate (硬腭 ) Soft palate (軟腭 ) Uvula (懸雍垂 ) 15 ⑶ The teeth (Dentes牙齒 ) Two sets Deciduous teeth 乳牙 Permanent teeth 恒牙 ① Two sets for the teeth 16 ② The Deciduous teeth 乳牙 20 in number, ten teeth in each mandibular and maxillary arch. 中切牙 側(cè)切牙 尖牙 第一磨牙 第二磨牙 17 18 The special points for the deciduous teeth Eruption萌發(fā) : starts at about 6 mouths of age and continues to the beginning of the 3rd year. Shedding脫落 : occurs between the 6th and the 12th years with replacement by the permanent teeth. 乳牙 6個(gè)月大時(shí)開(kāi)始萌發(fā) ,3歲初出全 ,共 20個(gè) . 19 ③ The Permanent teeth 恒牙 32 in number, sixteen in each mandibular and maxillary arch. 中切牙 側(cè)切牙 尖牙 第一磨牙 第二磨牙 第三磨牙 第一前磨牙 第二前磨牙 20 Upper jaw Front Rear Lower jaw upper jaw lower jaw incisors 2 2 canines 1 1 premolars 2 2 molars 3 3 The ponents of the permanent teeth 21 22 The special po
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