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09年成人高考高起點(diǎn)英語復(fù)習(xí)筆記一(已修改)

2025-05-15 18:04 本頁面
 

【正文】 09年成人高考高起點(diǎn)英語復(fù)習(xí)筆記一第一章 名詞    A、常見的不可數(shù)名詞 ?。黧w):  air空氣, smoke煙, water水, oil油, ink墨木, juice果汁,  rain雨水, tea茶, coffee咖啡, wine酒,beer啤酒  (物質(zhì)):  paper紙, glass玻璃,wood木頭,iron鐵, chalk粉筆,  fruit水果,meat肉, beef牛肉, mutton羊肉,chicken雞肉,  sugar糖, salt鹽, rice米, sand沙子, dust灰塵,  gold黃金 ?。ǔ橄竺~):  health健康, wealth財富, honesty誠實(shí), friendship友誼,  wisdom智慧, attention注意力,luck運(yùn)氣, progress進(jìn)步,  work工作, room空間, news新聞, information消息,  love愛, trouble 麻煩, happiness幸福, silence寂靜 ?。▽W(xué)科):  physics物理, chemistry化學(xué), mathematics數(shù)學(xué),history歷史,  geography地理, English英語, biology生物, music音樂  B. 、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式  ,如 desks, maps, cats, pens cars, farms  , x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的詞加es :glasses, classes, buses, boxes, foxes, watches, matches, brushes, dishes(例外:stomachs 胃)   結(jié)尾的詞:  Negroes, heres, potatoes, tomatoes(有生命的名詞加es);  photos, pianos, kilos, radios, zoos studios(無生命的名詞加es)  +y 結(jié)尾的,把y 變?yōu)閕再加es :  citycities, storystories, babybabies, dictionarydictionaries,  factory factories, fly flies, diarydiaries  但是,元音字母+y——直接+s toy——toys   f, fe結(jié)尾的單詞,去掉f,fe 再加 ves:  knifeknives, wifewives, lifelives, wolfwolves,  thiefthieves, leafleaves  例外:roofroofs屋頂, beliefbeliefs信仰, gulfgulfs海灣  safesafes, handkerchiefhandker chiefs手帕 ?。骸 anmen woman→woman  child→children, tooth→teeth,  goose→geese鵝 foot→feet,  mouse→mice, lookeron→lookerson 旁觀者  passerby→passersby過路人,  editorinchief→editorsinchief總編輯,  mandoctor→men doctors,  womandoctor→women doctors;  fish, deer, Chinese, sheep單復(fù)數(shù)同形?! 、 只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞  ,只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,只能接復(fù)數(shù)形式的動詞:  clothes衣服, fireworks煙火, wages工資, thanks謝意,  remains殘留物,sweets糖果  ,只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,只能接復(fù)數(shù)形式的動詞:  scissors剪刀, glasses眼鏡, trousers褲子,shoes鞋,  socks襪, gloves手套  這些名詞如表示數(shù)量,要以 pair為單位,如:  a pair of shoes一雙鞋 two pairs of shoes 兩雙鞋  a pair of glasses一副眼鏡 two pairs of glasses兩副眼鏡  ,本身即為復(fù)數(shù),所以不能加s,也不能以one, a, every等詞來修飾,如:  this people() these peoples() these people(√)  that police() those polices() those police(√)    名詞所有格的構(gòu)成 英語名詞所有格有兩種:39。s屬格和of屬格?! ?)39。s所有格  ①單數(shù)名詞加39。構(gòu)成,如:  Hellen39。s car海倫的汽車; the doctor39。s glasses醫(yī)生的眼鏡;  a dog39。s tail 狗的尾巴; the manager39。s secreatry 經(jīng)理的秘書 ?、趶?fù)數(shù)名詞以s結(jié)尾的只加39。,不以s結(jié)尾的加39。s,如:  the girls39。 school女子學(xué)校; ladies39。 hats女帽;  the students39。 Library學(xué)生閱覽室;Women39。s club婦女俱樂部;  Children39。s toys兒童玩具; men39。s hats男帽 ?、蹚?fù)合名詞在最后一詞后加39。s,如:  Somebody else39。s umbrella別人的伴傘;  my brotherin law39。s car我姐夫的汽車  2) of所有格的用法:  主要用于表示無生命的名詞,一般采用the +所有物+of +(the, that, my ——) + 所有者的形式,如:  the door of this classroom這間教室的門;the leaves of the tree樹葉;  the name of our school我們學(xué)校的名字。the door of the house,  a map of China.  3)雙重屬格的用法:  a friend of +名詞所有格or 名詞性物主代詞,主要用來表示人的所有關(guān)系,例如:  a friend of my brother39。s, two plays of Shakespeare39。s,  some children of Mr. Brown39。s, these ideas of yours,  those dirty shoes of James39。.  雙重屬格的名詞前不能用the和one來修飾?! ote:of my own屬于我自己的on my own我獨(dú)自地  4)特殊所有格  若一樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有,后一個人名用所有格,在最后一詞后加39。s;如:  Tom and John39。s room湯姆和約翰(共同)的房間;  Lily and Lucy39。s school莉莉和露茜(共同)的學(xué)校?! ∪绻麑儆诙朔謩e擁有,則在兩個名詞之后分別加39。s,且其后名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。如:  Mary39。s and John39。s pens瑪麗和約翰(各自)的鋼筆;  Mike39。s and Henry39。s desks邁克和亨利(各自)的書桌  John and Tom39。s room(only one room);  John39。s and Tom39。s rooms(two rooms:one for John and one for Tom)  「例如」The woman dressed in blue is Mary and Alice39。s mother.  You should find what the difference between Mr. Smith39。s and Mr. Black39。s cars is.  5)在表示某人家,店鋪時,所有格后面的名詞常常省略:  at Mr. Green39。s(在格林先生家); at my brother39。s(在我兄弟家);  at the tailor39。s(在裁縫店); at the barber39。s(在理發(fā)店);  at the doctor39。s(在診所)  6)noun+to  I don39。t quite remember the key________the question though I answered it correctly.        不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,前面不能用數(shù)詞,但是可用some, any  information,weather,fun,progress,advice,furniture,  a. ________ important information it is!A. What B. What an  b. ________ nice weather it is today! A. What B. What a  c. ________ fun it is! A. What B. What a  d. Physics has made great progress in this century. And so has maths.  e. The doctor gave my father some advice on how to stop smoking.  f. She has to clean all the furniture in all the bedrooms in two hours.   was fun to play on the beach that it attracted countless children. ?。跘] such great [B] so great [C] such a great [D] so great a    papers(報紙;文件); works(工 廠;著 作); looks(外 表);  hairs(幾 根 頭 發(fā)); times(時 代); sands(沙灘);  drinks(飲料); manners(禮貌); arms(武器);  forces(軍隊(duì)) glasses  牢記五個名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式可以表示特別意義的名詞  word / man difficulty room people population   word和man用作不可數(shù)名詞時,前面不加冠詞,也不用復(fù)數(shù)形式時,它們的意義是:word(消息;通知),man(人類)  Word came that the headmaster would e to talk to us.(消息)  Please send me word of your arrival.(通知)  Labor created man.(人類)  Quite a lot scientists have studied the origin of man in the last century.   some difficulty in doing sth.   am afraid that there isn39。t _____left for you two in my car. There are already five people in it.   room rooms room many rooms  d……people作集合名詞用時,后面的謂語動詞總是用復(fù)數(shù)形式  The people in the village like the new teacher.  但是,作民族解釋時是可數(shù)名詞,有復(fù)數(shù)形式:peoples;作全體公民解釋時,動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式?! he peoples of Asia(亞洲各民族)  The Chinese people are a great people.(中華民族是一個偉大的民族。)    A:The population of China is largethan that of India. ?。ㄖ袊丝诒扔《榷唷# ?percent of the population of China are peasants. ?。ㄖ?國80%的人 口是農(nóng)民。)    一般地說,集合名詞只以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。常見的有:family,police,cattle,team,people,government,class,group,audience(觀眾),public(公眾),crew(全體船員)等。當(dāng)這些名詞作主語時,若表示一個整體時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;若表示集體的每一個成員時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式?! is family is a big family./ The whole family are watching TV now.  The government weles the pro
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