高考英語細(xì)節(jié)理解解題技巧(已修改)
2025-04-29 13:10 本頁面
【正文】 高考英語閱讀之理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題在高考中占有較大比例，其主要考查考生對文章（或某一段落）中某一些特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的重要事實(shí)的理解能力。所謂細(xì)節(jié)題，是指原文提到了某事物、現(xiàn)象或理論，題干針對原文具體敘述本身發(fā)問。一般包括直接理解題（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提問。）語義轉(zhuǎn)化題（需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，兩者存在表達(dá)上的差異，有時需要進(jìn)行加工或整理后方能得出結(jié)論）、數(shù)字計算題、排列順序題、圖表圖畫題等。一：常見的設(shè)問方式有：When / Where did the story happen?Which of the following statements is (not) correct?Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?All the statements are true except…二．常見題型；；；；三、設(shè)題方式1．語意轉(zhuǎn)換。細(xì)節(jié)理解題設(shè)題時為了避免出現(xiàn)原文中所用的詞匯，常常使用一些同義詞、近義詞或反義詞(雙重否定)。因而在解題時要注意語意轉(zhuǎn)換。2．設(shè)題順序。一般來說，題序與其相關(guān)信息在文中的順序一致，如某題的答案信息往往會在下一小題的答案信息之前。3．設(shè)題干擾項。(1)正誤并存：部分正確，部分錯誤。(2)擴(kuò)大或縮小范圍：是原文信息，但不是題干要求。(3)偷換概念：符合常識，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。(4)以偏概全：與原句的內(nèi)容極其相似，但在程度、態(tài)度、褒貶色彩上有變動。(5)無中生有：明顯不是文章的信息，與文章事實(shí)不符或相反。四、解題步驟1．迅速定位，縮小范圍。通過尋讀法(scanning)，用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中搜索，迅速確定相關(guān)詞句或信息點(diǎn)所在的位置，縮小閱讀范圍。2．理解其意，對照選項。在找到關(guān)鍵詞句后，要仔細(xì)閱讀，準(zhǔn)確理解，對照選項，看哪個選項的意思與之最接近。3．排除干擾，選出答案。在作出選擇的過程中，要善于辨別真?zhèn)?，排除干擾，不斷縮小范圍，選出正確答案。五、典例精析1) Not long ago, my wife, PJ, and I tried a new diet—not to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change. Q: Why did the author and his wife try a new diet? A. To take special kinds of food B. To respond to climate change. C. To lose weight D. To improve their health2).Surprisingly, pared with those in poor health or who had low ines, respondents who enjoyed good health or ine were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher ine was related to a greater risk of disability. Q: How do people of higher ine see their future? A. They will earn less money. B. They will bee pessimistic.C. They will suffer mental illness. D. They will have less time to enjoy life.3)(2012全國Ⅰ卷C篇) Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg，distance of about eighty miles. It was late. Several times I got stuck behind a slowmoving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left,and I being increasingly impatient.Q: Why did the author get impatient while driving? was lonely on the road. was slowed down by a truck.C. He got tired of driving too long. D. He came across too many traffic lights.4)Software Trainer If you are aged 2445 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the puter and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make you own decisions, and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of 15,000 pounds for the right person. Please apply by sending you CV(簡歷) to Mrs. R. Lglivie, Palmlace Limited.Q:What kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Limited? A. One with GCSE grade C level.
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