【正文】 中 學(xué)英語要點(diǎn)匯總 ： 怎樣判斷出一個(gè)從句是賓語從句？ ? 1 在動(dòng)詞后作賓語 (動(dòng)賓 ): Do you know where he es from? 劃線部分是動(dòng)詞 know 的賓語 . ? 2 .在有些接雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞后作賓語 : He asked me when we would leave. 此句中 me 與從句 when分別是 ask 的賓語 。 ? 3 在介詞后作賓語 (介賓 )： Let’s talk about how we solve this problem. ? 4 在 I’m sorry… , I’m afraid… , I’m sure… 等結(jié)構(gòu)后的句子也被認(rèn)為是賓語從句 . 賓語從句需注意的時(shí)態(tài)問題 : ? 1 主句若是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù) 不同 情況用 不同 時(shí)態(tài)。 He says (that) he will have a walk soon. （ soon 指將來，從句用將來時(shí) ） The teacher asks who is the cleverest in the school. （ 暗指目前誰最聰明，從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí) ） I want to know who came here late this morning. （ 今早已過去，從句用過去時(shí) ） ? 2 主句若是一般過去時(shí)，從句也要用過去時(shí)。 He wondered if I would e. She told me that her son had got well. She said that she liked watching TV. We thought Jim was wrong. ? 3 無論主句是何時(shí)態(tài)，從句若表客觀真理，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 Mr. Li said the moon is smaller than the earth. ? 4 賓語從句無論有何引導(dǎo)詞， 句子 都要用陳述句語序。 Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?（ 不是 will you） Do you know which sweater she is wearing? (不是 is she) ： 此處所說的狀語從句用法僅包括條件 (if 和 unless 引導(dǎo) )狀語從句和時(shí)間 (when等引導(dǎo) ,見下文 )狀語從句。狀語從句需注意以下問題 ： ? 1 主句若是一般將來時(shí)、祈使句或含不表過去的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等，則 if(如果 ), unless(除非 )，when(當(dāng)?的時(shí)候 ), as soon as(一?就? )， before, after, until, till, as(當(dāng)?的時(shí)候 )所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 You may take a rest when you finish doing your work. （ 主句有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ） Could you look after my son after I leave home? （ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could 是為了讓語氣委婉，并不指過去時(shí)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) ） I will go out as soon as it stops raining this afternoon. （ 主句是將來時(shí) ） Wait for your brother at the bus station until he arrives. （ 主句是祈使句 ） ? 2 而主句若是一般過去時(shí)，從句也要用表過去時(shí)的適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)，如 ： I would give the money to the charity if I had a million dollars. When he got to the park, his classmates had left. My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street. ： 定語從句是指修飾前面名詞或 代詞的句子。從句前面的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，從句中的引導(dǎo)詞叫關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞 who 只指人 ， which 只指物。 that既可指人又可指物 。 whose 后必須跟有名詞，既指人，也可指物。關(guān)系詞作主語時(shí)，不可省略，作賓語時(shí)可省略。 whom 只指人，只作賓語。關(guān)系副詞 where 指 “ 在那里 ”，when 指 “ 在那時(shí) ”。 （ 以下所給例子凡斜體字部分均作定語從句 。） She is a girl who / that is beautiful and kindhearted. The girl who / that is tall is my sister. （ 以上關(guān)系詞作主語 ， 不可省略 。） She is a girl (who / whom / that) I know very well. （ 關(guān)系詞做 know 的賓語 ， 可以省略 。） That boy whose hair is very long is my brother. I own a bike whose price is high. (關(guān)系詞 whose 表所屬 ， 后需接名詞 。 前句指人 ， 譯為 “ 這個(gè)孩子的 ”； 后句指物 ， 譯 為“ 這個(gè)自行車的 ”。 ） I bought a watch (which / that) I paid 100 yuan for. （ 指物 , 作 pay 的賓語 ， 可以省略 。 ） I prefer a place which / that is clean and quiet. （ 關(guān)系詞譯為 “ 這個(gè)地方 ”， 主語 ， 不可省 ） I prefer a place where I can live a quiet life. （ 關(guān)系詞譯為 “ 在這個(gè)地方 ”， 是地點(diǎn)副詞 。） I shall never fet the day when a boy helped me find my dog. （“ 在這一天 ”， 是時(shí)間副詞 ） 和 hope:? 1 wish 既可接 to do sth. 也可接 sb + to do sth. 也可接 that 從句 . I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao. I wish you to join my party this Sunday. I wish (that) I could be a scientist. （ 注 ： 接 that 從句時(shí) ， 從句用虛擬語氣 。） ? 2 hope 接 to do sth. 或 that 從句 . 但不接 sb to do sth. I hope to receive a letter from you some day. I hope you will get well soon. I hope (that) everything goes well. （ 接從句時(shí)不用虛擬 ） for 和 thanks to: Thanks for your helping me with the work. (此句 表達(dá)對(duì)對(duì)方為自己做了某事的感謝 ， 后無補(bǔ)充的結(jié)果 。 ) Thanks to your suggestion, I didn’t make such mistakes. (此句 表達(dá)感謝由于某方所做的有利的事 ， 出現(xiàn)了后面的結(jié)果 。 ) ： see, hear, listen to, watch, notice 等詞 ， 后接賓語 ， 再接動(dòng)詞原形或ing 形式 。 前者 表全過程 ，后者表 正在進(jìn)行 。 句中有頻率詞時(shí) ， 以上的詞也常跟動(dòng)詞原形 。 I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep. (我入睡時(shí)有人正敲門 ) I heard someone knock at the door three times. (聽的是全過程 ) — 1— — 2— I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school. (此處有頻率詞 often) 若以上詞用于被動(dòng)語態(tài) ， 后面原有動(dòng)詞原形改為帶 to 不定式 ： We saw him go into the restaurant. → He was seen to go into the restaurant. I hear the boy cry every day. → The boy is heard to cry every day. ： look, sound, smell, taste, feel 可當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞 ， 后接形容詞 。 He looks angry. It sounds good. The flowers smell beautiful. The sweets taste sweet. The silk feels soft. I felt tired. They all looked tired. 這些動(dòng)詞都不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài) 。 如 ： The sweets are tasted 。 注意 ： 如果加介詞 like, 則后不可接形容詞 ， 而接名詞或代詞 ： He looks like his mother. That sounds like a good idea. It sounds like great fun. It smells like a flower. It tastes like salt. 和 think 部分用法 : find / think + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語 。 (代替賓從 ) 賓補(bǔ)有以下情況 ： ? 1 .名詞短語 John found his son a clever boy. ? Mrs. Smith thinks her husband kind of lazy. ? to 不定式 I found it hard to fool the girl. ? 4 find 后也有 ving形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 。 I found him reading a book just now. like / want / feel like: ? 1 would like， 和 want 類似 ： ◇ 都可接名詞短語 ： I would like / want another three desks. ◇ 都可接帶 to 不定式 ： I would like / want to go out for a walk. ◇ 都可接 sb,然后再跟帶 to 不定式 : I would like you to give me a hand. ? 2 feel like: ◇ 后也可接名詞短語 ： Do you feel like some tea? ◇ 后若接動(dòng)詞 ， 須用動(dòng)詞 ing 形式 ： Do you feel like having a walk? I don’t feel like drinking tea. 【 注 ： feel like 常用于疑問句或否定句中 ?！? ： ? 1 形容詞修飾不定代詞或不定副詞 ， 形容詞在后面 。 Is there anything delicious in the fridge? Nothing serious. There is something wrong with the puter. I want to go somewhere warm. ? 2 else 修飾疑問詞和不定代詞 、 不定副詞 ， 也放在后面 。 What else can you see in the picture? Who else is in the room? Do you have anything else to say? Where else can you see it? ? 3 enough 修飾形容詞和副詞 ， enough 放在后面 。 This sweater is cheap enough. Nemo is old enough to work. He ran fast enough to catch up with the dog. She doesn’t listen carefully enough. “評(píng)價(jià)”、“天氣” 的提問之區(qū)別 ： ? 1 What do you think of ? ?= How do you like ? ? =How / What do you feel about… ? “ 你對(duì) ? 怎么看 ？” (How? ?句中有 like， 是動(dòng)詞 。 ) ? 2 What’s the weather like in? ? = How is the weather in? ?“ ?的天氣什么樣 ?” (What? ?句中有 like， 是介詞 ，“ 像 ”。 而 How? ?句中無 like.) , cost, pay, spend 區(qū)別 ： ? 1 It + take + sb + some time + to do sth： It took us half an hour to cut down the tree. ? 2 物 + cost + sb + 錢 ： The bag cost me