教育心理學復習資料(名詞解釋中文理解)(已修改)
2025-04-29 01:42 本頁面
【正文】 教育心理學復習資料發(fā)展的概念l 五種發(fā)展，身體physical development(change in body)，個人personal development(changes in an individual’s personality), 社會social development（changes in the way an individual relates to others）,認知cognitive development（changes in thinking）l 發(fā)展的特點，有序(orderly process)，逐漸(takes place gradually)，速率不一(at different rates)，有一定目的性的，語音，語義，句法，語用嬰兒期的語言發(fā)展，babbling兒童期發(fā)展，threeword in native language order, 通常犯三種錯誤，overextension, under extension, Over regularization(忽略特殊語法)兒童中期的語言發(fā)展（變化*源語言意識）青春期語言發(fā)展 l 成年人角色（四個，joint attention, childdirected speech, expansion and recasting, large input）l 母語與第二語言發(fā)展的相同點（早期依賴常規(guī)用語，僵硬語言塊，泛化）l 為何學第二外語較難？錯過關鍵期，缺少強度（熱情），與文化，心理發(fā)展不匹配，學習過程的沮喪焦慮皮亞杰認知發(fā)展理論l 四個階段：【感知運動階段sensorimotor，前運算階段preoperational，具體運算階段concreteoperational，形式運算階段formaloperational】Sensorimotor: involving the senses and motor activityPreoperational: the stage before a child master logical mental operations孩子掌握邏輯心理運算的前一階段Concrete operations: mental task tied to concrete objects and Formal operations: mental tasks involving abstract thinking and coordination of a number of variables涉及抽象思考和協(xié)調一組變量的心理任務里程碑：Object permanence, goaldirected action, and deferred imitationInfants explore the world through their senses and motor activity, and work toward mastering object permanence and performing goaldirected activities. 嬰兒通過感覺和運動活動探索世界，并努力掌握客體永久性和進行有目的的活動。Object permanence：the understanding that objects have a separate, permanent 。goaldirected action：deliberate actions toward a goal 向一個目標采取的特意行為里程碑：Symbolic thought這一階段思想的局限性：Concentration, oneway logic, egocentrism, animismSymbolic thinking and logical operations begin. 開始象征性思考和邏輯運算。Semiotic function: the ability to use symbols to represent actions o
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