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初中英語總復習知識點歸納 冠詞 a / an 的用法 a用于輔音音素前 a useful book, a university, a “u” Once a week have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/ rest have a cold/ headache / fever /cough have a good time have a try in a hurry after a while keep a diary go for a walk in a minute in a word in a short while an則用于元音音素前 an hour, an honest boy , an “A E F H I L M N O R S X” keep an eye on 定冠詞the的用法:1)特指雙方都明白的人或物: Give me the book.2)上文提到過的人或事: Do you know the lady in blue? –Yes, she is a teacher of a university. 3)指世上獨一物二的事物the sun ( sky / moon/ earth/ world/ nature/ universe )4)單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物,如:the dollar 美元。 The lion is a wild ,表示一類人:the rich /poor/ blind/ aged / living / impossible 5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級,及形容詞only,very, same等前面:I live on the second floor. 6)用在表示身體部位的名詞前: She caught me by the arm. 7)用在表示樂器和表方位的名詞之前: She plays the piano \violin \ guitar in the north of China 8)用在普通名詞構(gòu)成專有名詞前: the People39。s Republic of China the United States the Great Wall the Summer Palace 9) 用在姓氏的復數(shù)名詞之前,表示一家人:the Greens are playing the piano. 10) in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), in the middle (of), in the end, all the time at the same time on the whole, by the way, go to the cinema at he age of six at the beginning of the twentyfirst century on the other side of at the moment the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country) in the dark, in the rain, 不用定冠詞的情況1) 國名,人名前通常不用定冠詞:China , Europe 歐洲 Lei Feng 雷鋒 2)物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞表示一般概念時,通常不加冠詞;當表示特定的意思時,需要加定冠詞Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。 3)在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、 假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前,不加冠詞; Children’s Day Mother’s Day Father’s Day 4)在稱呼或表示官銜,職位的名詞前不加冠詞; He is captain of the team. 5)在三餐、四季,球類運動、學科、娛樂運動的名稱前,不加冠詞 如:have breakfast /supper / lunch,play basketball / football / volleyball / chess , in spring/summer/ autumn/ winter 6)當by 與火車等交通工具連用,表示一種方式時,中間無冠詞;by bus/ train/ taxi/ bus/ ship 7)Day and night face to face side by side step by step watch TV at school / work / home at first/ last in danger in trouble on foot on duty on watch in bed on time in time go to school go to work by taxi / bike at noon at night on TV at town 部分詞組有無冠詞的區(qū)別in hospital 生病住院 in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里in front of 在的前面in the front of 在內(nèi)部的前面go to school 上學go to the school 到學校去a number of = a lot of 許多,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。The number of 的數(shù)目,的總數(shù), 謂語動詞用單數(shù)(第三人稱單數(shù))名詞:專有名詞和普通名詞(個體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞)可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)變復數(shù)①一般情況加s ②以s, x sh ch,等結(jié)尾的詞加es busbuses watchwatches ③以o 結(jié)尾的名詞,無生命的加s,如: photophotos pianopianos 有生命的es,如:potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes 均可,如:zerozeros / zeroes ④以f或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,去f, fe 加ves,如:halfhalves knifeknives leafleaves wolfwolves wifewives lifelives thiefthieves (加s,如:beliefbeliefs roofroofs safesafes gulfgulfs;)⑤以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞,變y 為i,再加es babybabies ⑥不規(guī)則:a. 單復數(shù)形式一樣。Sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese. People, police, scissors, trousers b. 其他的。foot—feet toothteeth child—children mousemice manmen womanwomen businessman businessmen GermanGermans women doctors 集體名詞: People, police,(一般表示一個整體,謂用復數(shù)) class, family, glasses 不可數(shù)名詞:常見的不可數(shù)名詞有:information, news, room (空間), work, work, weather, advice, bread , food, milk, tea, ice, glasses, meat ① A little, a bit of, some, much, a lot of, quite a lot of 常修飾不可數(shù)名詞.② 不可數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。③ 如果用and連接兩個不可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。Time and money are④ A cup\ glass \bottle \box \ kilo \ group \ crowd \ class \ pair of Two and a half kilos of = two kilos and a half of 名詞所有格 在英語中有些名詞可以加39。s來表示所有關(guān)系,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格,如:a teacher39。s book。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下: 1) 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加39。s,復數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加 39。s ,如the boy39。s bag,men39。s room Children’s Day Mother’s Day Father’s Day 2) 若名詞已有復數(shù)詞尾s ,只加 39。 ,如:Teachers’ Day ladies’ room twenty minutes’ walk 3) 凡不能加39。s的名詞,都可以用名詞+of +名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。 A picture of family。 a map of China 4) 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時,名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞,如:the barber39。s 理發(fā)店。 5) 如果兩個名詞并列,并且分別有39。s,則表示分別有;只有一個39。s,則表示39。共有39。 John39。s and Mary39。s room(兩間) John and Mary39。s room(一間) 6) 復合名詞或短語,39。s 加在最后一個詞的詞尾。 如:a month or two39。s absence7)雙重所有格 a friend of mine / hers / his / theirs a friend of Mary’s mother’s 代詞1、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞I—me—my—mine—myself you —you—your—yourself (yourselves) h