【正文】 I 摘 要 全球每年因燃燒化石燃料而排放的 CO2達(dá)到 200 億 t 左右，由化石能源燃燒產(chǎn)生的 CO2總量約占溫室氣體總量的 82％。隨著世界各國對地球溫室效應(yīng)問題的關(guān)注， CO2減排日益引起全世界的重視。過去 20 年中，排放 到 大氣中 CO2的 3/4 是由化石燃料燃燒造成的，其中化石燃料發(fā)電廠煙道氣是 CO2長期穩(wěn)定集中排放源，其所排 CO2量占總排放量的大約30％，因此應(yīng)當(dāng)成為減排 CO2的重點(diǎn)。 回收煙道氣 中的 CO2不僅是緩解 CO2排放危機(jī)最直接有效的手段，還能降低生產(chǎn)成本。由于大多數(shù)化石燃料電廠均采用直接燃燒技術(shù)，因此 CO2只能 從煙道氣中分離和回收。 針對燃煤電廠煙道氣 CO2分壓較低，使用 MEA 的化學(xué)吸收對于脫除煙道氣物流中的二氧化碳是一項(xiàng)可利用的技術(shù)。但是，這套吸收裝置的操作費(fèi)用特別是再生塔再沸器所需能耗很大，難以大規(guī)模的商業(yè)應(yīng)用。 本課題是用 Aspen plus模擬軟件對 CO2捕獲系統(tǒng)操作條件和設(shè)備參數(shù)進(jìn)行了概念設(shè)計(jì)研究。選擇 NTRL 物性方法成功的對脫碳系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了模擬優(yōu)化，并得到最優(yōu)工藝參數(shù)，最終達(dá)到了二氧化碳捕獲率 8590%的目標(biāo)。 關(guān)鍵詞： 燃煤電廠，二氧化碳捕獲，過程模擬， Aspen Plus Abstract Ⅱ Abstract The whole world CO 2 which discharges because of the bustion fossil fuel achieves about every year 20,000,000,000 t, produces CO2 by the fossil energy bustion the total quantity to approximately pose the greenhouse gas total quantity 82%. Along with various countries the global warming question39。s attention, CO2 reduces the row to bring to the world attention day by day. In the past 20 years, discharged National People39。s Congress to be mad that CO2 3/4 was creates by the fossil fuel bustion, the fossil fuel power plant flue gas was the CO2 longterm stability centralism emissions source, its arranged the CO2 quantity to account for the total withdrawal about 30%, must therefore bee reduces arranges CO 2 key . The CO2 recovery from flue gas CO2 emissions mitigation is not only the most direct and effective means of crisis, but also reduce production costs. Since most fossil fuel power plants are direct bustion technology, only from flue gas CO 2 separation and recovery. For coalfired power plant flue gas CO2 partial pressure low, use MEA chemical absorption of the logistics for the removal of carbon dioxide in the flue gas is an available technology. However, this absorbing devices operating costs, particularly renewable energy required to reboiler column very difficult largescale mercial applications. The subject is simulation software Aspen plus CO2 capture system operating conditions and equipment parameters of the concept design study. Select NTRL properties was successfully carried out against the removal system simulation and optimization, and process parameters，Carbon dioxide capture rate eventually reached 8590% target. Key words: Coalfired power plant,CO2 capture,Process simulation,Aspen Plus目 錄 1 目 錄 摘 要 ...........................................................................................................................................I Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ II 目 錄 .......................................................................................................................................... III 第一章 引言 .................................................................................................................................. 1 研究背景 ............................................................................................................................. 2 二氧化碳的危害 ........................................................................................................ 3 二氧化碳的排放 ........................................................................................................ 4 二氧化碳的作用 .................................................................................................... 5 各種脫 CO2 的方法 .............................................................................................................. 6 Aspen plus 簡介及應(yīng)用實(shí)例 ................................................................................................ 8 Aspen plus 簡介 ........................................................................................................ 8 Aspen Plus 軟件的應(yīng)用實(shí)例 .................................................................................... 8 本課題的目的和意義 ....................................................................................................... 9 第二章 CO2捕獲系統(tǒng) 工藝流程 ................................................................................................ 10 Aspen plus 模擬步驟 ......................................................................................................... 10 物性選擇原則 ........................................................................................................ 10 工藝模型的建立 .....................................................................................................11 操作單元的設(shè)定 .....................................................................................................11 CO2 捕獲系統(tǒng)工藝流程的 設(shè)計(jì)要求 .................................................................................. 12 煙氣工況及吸收劑濃度 .......................................................................................... 12 設(shè)計(jì)要求 ............................................................................................................... 12 CO2 捕獲系統(tǒng)工藝流程分析 ............................................................................................. 12 CO2捕獲系統(tǒng)工藝流程的選用 ............................................................................... 12 分離系統(tǒng)分析 ........................................................................................................ 13 循環(huán)系統(tǒng)分析 ........................................................................................................ 13 流程敘述 ......................................................................................................................... 14 第三 章 CO2捕獲系統(tǒng)工藝的設(shè)計(jì)和優(yōu)化 ................................................................................ 15 物性選擇 ....................................................................................................................... 15 CO2捕獲系統(tǒng)工藝流程組分的確定 ........................................................................ 15 熱力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)給出 ....