【正文】 （Tenses）英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)常見(jiàn)的有16種,參見(jiàn)下表:體時(shí)間一般體進(jìn)行體完成體完成進(jìn)行體現(xiàn)在1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) do/does5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are doing9)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done13)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/has been doing過(guò)去2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)did6)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doing10)過(guò)去完成時(shí)had done 14)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)had been doing將來(lái)3)一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/will do7)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)will be doing11)將來(lái)完成時(shí)will have done15)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)will have been doing過(guò)去將來(lái)4)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)should/would do 8)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)would be doing12)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)would have done16)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)would have been doing就其用法各舉一例如下：1） Water boils at 100℃.2） He went to Beijing ten times in 2000.3） I will go before he es.4） She would not leave until I returned.5） I will think it over while you are collecting materials.6） She told me to wake him up if he was sleeping.7） I will be sitting in front of the TV set this time tomorrow.8） He promised that he would be looking after my dog when I left here. 9） We haven’t heard from each other for three years.10) Jane had learned Chinese before she came to China.11) By the end of this term, I will have taught at his college for 10 years.12) Yesterday Mr. Li said he would have been in this college for 10 years by the end of the term.13) He has been writing letters since his morning.14) After driving for a long time, she suddenly realized that she had been driving in the wrong direction all the afternoon.15) By the time the sun sets, they will have been working on the farm for 6 hours. 16) Yesterday Mr. Li said he would have been teaching in this college for 10 years by the end of the term.1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (the simple present tense)1) 經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作:He smokes a lot.How often do you go swimming?2) 現(xiàn)時(shí)的情況與狀態(tài):I know you are busy.How do you like this city?3) 永恒的真理:Summer follows spring.The sun rises in the east.ⅰ 還常常用于靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞(表示一種狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞),代替使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài): 如mean, seem, hate, surprise, guess, feel, hope, sound, need, know, understand, wish等.ⅱ 表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作: 運(yùn)動(dòng)解說(shuō),演示說(shuō)明,動(dòng)作描述,劇情介紹,舞臺(tái)動(dòng)作說(shuō)明,用來(lái)指引道路,圖片說(shuō)明.ⅲ 表示將來(lái)情況: 表示規(guī)定,時(shí)間表,計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的事情,這時(shí)有一個(gè)表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),只限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,如 arrive, be, begin, close, e, depart, dine, end, finish, go, leave, open, return, sail, start, stop. 另外在由if, unless, even if, when, after, before, as soon as, as long as, as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間或條件從句中,一般只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作.Turn off the lights before you leave.If we hurry, we may catch the bus.ⅳ 表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作的用法,只限于少量動(dòng)詞,如hear, say, tell等.Yes, you answer quite well.Oh, I forget where she lives.此外,故事性讀物中戲劇性的描繪,報(bào)紙標(biāo)題中,小說(shuō)章節(jié)的題目中,引用書(shū)面材料時(shí).ⅴ now, today, often, usually, normally, generally, weekly, seldom, never, ever, at the moment, once a month, now and then等.2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) (the present continuous tense)1) 表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作:They are talking。 they aren’t working.My head is aching.2)表示現(xiàn)在這個(gè)階段正在發(fā)生的事(但說(shuō)話的一刻不一定在進(jìn)行):Are you staying at the hotel?What’s your daughter doing these days?ⅰ在進(jìn)行時(shí)用于表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作的用法:如果主語(yǔ)是表示事物的名詞作主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞都以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作,如果以人為主語(yǔ),表示是安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,一般用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).ⅱ另外,還有be going to 這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)常用來(lái)表示未來(lái)的情況,一是表示準(zhǔn)備,打算干什么,二是表示即將發(fā)生的情況.I’m going to buy some cassette tapes.Oh dear! It’s ten to nine. I’m going to be late.ⅲ 有在時(shí)間或條件從句中,有時(shí)會(huì)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示未來(lái)動(dòng)作.While you are traveling there, you must visit these places.ⅳ 表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作的用法, always, constantly, forever, continually, perpetually這類副詞.She is forever plaining about her job.You are always leaving your clothes on the floor!ⅴ 至有一些靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞也用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).I’m hoping you will e.ⅵ 除了以上這些,還可用于戲劇式的描繪,解說(shuō)詞,暫時(shí)的情況,新聞標(biāo)題等. 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(the present perfect tense),但和現(xiàn)在都有某種關(guān)系,就是指從過(guò)去某時(shí)到現(xiàn)時(shí),:I’ve lost my passport.Has he found her car key?這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)經(jīng)常和just, already, yet, ever, always, before, so far, for, since, how long等詞連用.I’ve already posted your letters.有時(shí)表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在這一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的事.I’ve been there twice this year.有時(shí)表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài).I’ve waited a week for your answer. have gone to/have been to 和time連用的情況 have got to=have to 4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(the present perfect continuous tense)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)由過(guò)去某時(shí)起一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作,這動(dòng)作可能剛剛停止,:The ground is wet. It has been raining.You’re out of breath. Have you been running?用這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)經(jīng)常有一個(gè)表示現(xiàn)在之前這一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),如all day, for some years, since, recently, how long, long, all等.有時(shí)表示在持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間中動(dòng)作的多次重復(fù)(而動(dòng)作不一定在持續(xù)):Jim has been phoning Jerry every night for the past week.第二節(jié) 動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的典型用法 (Voices)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(active voice)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(passive voice)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞的承受者，即動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式是：be +過(guò)去分詞。常用的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成形式如下：一般時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在1）am/i