【正文】 . . . .. . 學(xué)習(xí)好幫手遼寧石油化工大學(xué) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）題 目：試驗機溫度控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計英文題目：Design of Temperature Control System for the Test Machine系 別：信息與控制工程學(xué)院學(xué)生姓名：李楊 班 級：0703 指導(dǎo)老師：陶文華 專 業(yè)：自動化二零壹壹年六月. . . .. . 學(xué)習(xí)好幫手試驗機溫度控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計摘 要隨著我國經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，對能源的消耗與日俱增，怎樣降低功耗提高經(jīng)濟效益，已成為人們關(guān)注的問題。例如在冶金行業(yè)軋鋼生產(chǎn)過程中，試驗機能耗約占全廠總能耗的 60%左右，是軋鋼工序的能耗大戶，尤其是近二十年來，試驗機的硬件設(shè)備裝備水平有了很大的提高，因此提高試驗機操作水平，實現(xiàn)計算機全自動燒鋼，降低試驗機能耗意義很大。傳統(tǒng)的試驗機的溫度控制具有升溫單向性，大慣性，大滯后，時變性等特點。其升溫、保溫是依靠電阻絲加熱，降溫則是依靠環(huán)境自然冷卻。當(dāng)其溫度一旦超調(diào)就無法用控制手段使其降溫，應(yīng)用傳統(tǒng)的控制理論和方法難以達(dá)到理想的控制效果。本課題是電試驗機的溫度控制系統(tǒng)為研究對象，其中一部分為硬件設(shè)計，主要由控制電路（包括 8031 處理器） ，存儲器 271鍵盤/顯示器接口 8279 等） 、測溫及報警電路（包括聲光報警、溫度檢測及 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)化等。系統(tǒng)采用溫度補償和過零觸發(fā)等技術(shù)，從硬件上保證了測溫精度，為提高控制精度打下了基礎(chǔ)。第二部分建立了被控對象的數(shù)學(xué)模型，控制采用比較成熟的變速積分分離 PID 算法，并通過仿真選擇了控制規(guī)律的參數(shù)。測量溫度部分是靠熱電偶來實現(xiàn)，熱電偶的冷端補償采用熱電偶（鉑銠 10鉑銠熱電偶）溫度傳感器，測量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，克服了常規(guī)方法補償誤差大的缺點，該系統(tǒng)具有軟啟動、程序升溫、鍵盤輸入、顯示打印等功能，使溫度控制為誤差達(dá)到小于等于正負(fù) 5 攝氏度，調(diào)節(jié)溫度的超調(diào)量小于 30%，實時顯示爐內(nèi)溫度，記錄溫度變化的過程。為了在工業(yè)現(xiàn)場應(yīng)用中具有較強的抗干擾能力，采取了一系列抗干擾措施。以 PID 算法為核心實現(xiàn)對試驗機溫度的自動控制。該控制系統(tǒng)具有硬件成本低、控制精度較高、可靠性好，抗干擾能力強等特點。有較高的適用價值和理論價值。關(guān)鍵字：試驗機；溫度控制；熱電偶。. . . .. . 學(xué)習(xí)好幫手Design of Temperature Control System for the Test MachineAbstractAlong with our country economy39。s fast development, the energy consumption grows day by day. How to reduce power consumption to improve economic efficiency, has bee a concern. For example, the steel rolling process in a metallurgical industry, the heating energy consumption takes about 60% of the total energy consumption in the whole plant, which is a big custom in the energy consumption process. Particularly in the recent 20 years, testing machine hardware and equipment level has been very greatly improved, thereby increasing the level of testing machine operation, fully automatic firing steel by puter, reducing heating energy consumption means a lot. The traditional electric testing machine temperature control has some characteristics, which are oneway, large inertia, delay, timevarying. The heating and insulation rely on the resistance wire heating, and the cooling depends upon natural cooling. Once the temperature is over modulation, that will be unable to decrease the temperature with a control method, the traditional methods can not achieve the desired control effect.This paper studies on improving the temperature control system. The hardware has been described on the first part of this paper. It consists of the controlcircuit (included831CPU,2746/2864A memory, keyboard and display unit interface 8279 etc), temperature measurement and alarm circuit (included sound light alarm, temperature measurement and A/D conversion circuit) and power control circuit etc. The technique of temperature pensation and zeropoint trigging has been used in the system, and the precision of temperature measurement guaranteed from hardware builds a foundation to upgrade the precision . . . .. . 學(xué)習(xí)好幫手of control. The mathematical model of the control object has been founded in the second part of this paper. The mature algorithm of variable speed integral separation PID has been adopted in control rule, and the parameter of control rule is selected by the simulation analysis in puter. The realtime control is used to anize control unit by the chip.In order to improve a strong antiinterference ability in the industrial, we had taken a series of antijamming measures. We use PID algorithm as the core to realize the automatic control of temperature testing machine. The control system has characteristic of the low cost of hardware, high control precision, good reliability, strong antiinterference. And it has high value and the theoretical value of the application. Key words: Test Machine。 Temperature is controlled。 Thermocouple.. . . .. . 學(xué)習(xí)好幫手目 錄摘 要 ........................................................................2ABSTRACT......................................................................3第一章 緒論 ..................................................................7 試驗機應(yīng)用的背景 ........................................................7 試驗機的研究現(xiàn)狀 ........................................................7 試驗機的工作原理 .........................................................8 試驗機溫度控制的發(fā)展趨勢 ................................................9第二章 系統(tǒng)控制方案的設(shè)計 ...................................................10 系統(tǒng)的控制方案 ..........................................................10 控制算法 ................................................................11 數(shù)學(xué)模型建立 .......................................................11 控制系統(tǒng)的算法設(shè)計 .................................................12 采樣信號和控制量分析 ....................................................14第三章 試驗機溫度信號處理 ....................................................16 試驗機溫度控制系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成 ................................................16 熱電偶測量電路的設(shè)計 ....................................................17 冷端溫度測量電路的設(shè)計 ..................................................20第四章 PLC 系統(tǒng)的硬件實現(xiàn) ....................................................22 PLC 的工作原理 ..........................................................22 PLC 的循環(huán)處理過程 ..................................................22 用戶程序的執(zhí)行過程 ..................................................24 S7300 簡介 .............................................................25 數(shù)字量輸入模塊 ......................................................25 數(shù)字量輸出模塊 .....................................................25 數(shù)字量輸入 /輸出模塊 .................................................26 模擬量輸入模塊 ......................................................26 模擬量輸出模塊 .....................................................