【正文】 物流英語(yǔ)課文內(nèi)容精講串講筆記課文內(nèi)容精講Unit 1General Introduction to LogisticsModern logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information that are of vital importance to customers and clients in various sectors of the economic society,which may include but by no means is limited to:packaging，warehousing，material handling，inventory，transport，forecasting，strategic planning and customer service.現(xiàn)代物流與物資及信息的及時(shí)有效流動(dòng)相關(guān)，而物資和信息的及時(shí)有效流動(dòng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的不同領(lǐng)域的顧客和客戶有著極其重要的意義?，F(xiàn)代物流包括但不限于下列方面：包裝，倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)，材料搬運(yùn)，存貨，運(yùn)輸，預(yù)測(cè)，戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃，客戶服務(wù)。Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans,implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers’ requirements.
物流是供應(yīng)鏈的一部分，計(jì)劃、執(zhí)行和控制產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)及相關(guān)信息從原產(chǎn)地到消費(fèi)地的及時(shí)有效流動(dòng)和存儲(chǔ)以滿足客戶要求。課文內(nèi)容精講Unit 2An Important FactorIt is universally acknowledged that products are of two kinds, products for customers and products for industrial use.就產(chǎn)品而言，普遍認(rèn)為有兩類，一類是消費(fèi)類產(chǎn)品，另一類是工業(yè)用途產(chǎn)品。Consumer products are those that are directed to ultimate to the three different ways in which consumers select goods and services and where they buy them, consumer products can be put into three categories:convenience products, shopping products, and specialty products.消費(fèi)類產(chǎn)品是指直接面對(duì)終端消費(fèi)者的產(chǎn)品。根據(jù)消費(fèi)者挑選產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的三種不同方式以及從哪里購(gòu)買(mǎi)這些產(chǎn)品，消費(fèi)品可分為便利型產(chǎn)品，購(gòu)買(mǎi)型產(chǎn)品和特殊產(chǎn)品三種。Convenience products are those goods and services that consumers purchase frequently, immediately, and with little parative shopping.便利型產(chǎn)品是指消費(fèi)者需要經(jīng)常、及時(shí)購(gòu)買(mǎi)并且不十分需要比較差價(jià)的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。Shopping products are those for which consumers are willing to seek and pare: paring in many locations the price, quality, and performance, and making a purchase only after careful deliberation.購(gòu)買(mǎi)型產(chǎn)品是消費(fèi)者愿意到處尋尋覓覓，比較價(jià)格、質(zhì)量和性能，三思之后才作出購(gòu)買(mǎi)決定的產(chǎn)品。Specialty products are those for which buyers are willing to expend a substantial effort and often to wait a significant amount of time in order to acquire them.特殊產(chǎn)品是指買(mǎi)家愿意花費(fèi)大量精力并為了獲得它們可以忍受很長(zhǎng)的等待時(shí)間的產(chǎn)品。The 80/20 concept is derived from the fact that the bulk of the sales are generated from relatively few products in the product line. This simply means 80 percent of a firm’s sales are generated by 20 percent of the product line items. An exact 8020 ratio is rarely observed, but the disproportionality between sales and the number of items is generally true.8020概念是說(shuō)銷(xiāo)售量中的大部分來(lái)自生產(chǎn)線上種類相對(duì)少的產(chǎn)品。也就是說(shuō)，公司銷(xiāo)售量的80%是由20%的產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)的。精確的8020比例是很難達(dá)到的，但是銷(xiāo)售量和產(chǎn)品種類數(shù)目間的不一致一般是存在的。It is reasonably expected that the volumes of cargo flow in any given firm vary depending on how successful their sales are. At any point in time, there exists a product phenomenon called the 8020 curve, a particularly valuable concept for logistics planning.任何公司的貨物流量都應(yīng)該根據(jù)銷(xiāo)售量的大小來(lái)決定，這是合理的。在任何時(shí)候，產(chǎn)品都存在著8020曲線現(xiàn)象，這是物流計(jì)劃中非常有價(jià)值的概念。課文內(nèi)容精講Unit 3TransportationTransportation is a vital ponent in the design and management of logistics systems. It may account for onethird to twothirds of total logistics costs. The choices available to the users typically include the five major transport modes (air, truck, rail, water, and pipe) and their binations. Users may hire the services or own the means of transportation.運(yùn)輸是物流系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和管理的一個(gè)重要部分，可能占整個(gè)物流成本的1/3到2/3。用戶一般可以選擇五大運(yùn)輸模式（飛機(jī)、汽車(chē)、鐵路、水路和管道運(yùn)輸），也可以互相結(jié)合運(yùn)用。用戶可以租用運(yùn)輸服務(wù)或者使用自有的運(yùn)輸工具。Rates are based primarily on three factors—distance, shipment size, and petition.費(fèi)率主要由三方面決定——運(yùn)輸距離、每票貨物的大小以及市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。Cost allocation is one of the factors that affect pricing. The shipper’s perspective about it is important, though it is chiefly something that the carriers should pay attention to.成本分配是影響定價(jià)的諸多因素之一。雖然這主要是承運(yùn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的事情，但托運(yùn)人的看法也很重要。JIT:justintime,準(zhǔn)時(shí)制，是實(shí)現(xiàn)零庫(kù)存（zero inventory）的一種途徑。JIT service can help to reduce inventory cost.準(zhǔn)時(shí)制服務(wù)可以節(jié)省庫(kù)存開(kāi)銷(xiāo)。課文內(nèi)容精講Unit 4Logistics StrategyInventory is viewed as playing a role in the valueadded process. This does not mean the more you have in the form of inventory, the richer you are.在增值過(guò)程中庫(kù)存被人們認(rèn)為起著重要作用，這并不意味著以庫(kù)存的形式存放的貨物越多，你就越富。On the one hand, capital cost increases with the lot size. On the other hand, the interest accrues on the capital invested in the carrying inventory, which is, in many cases, puted according to the prime interest rate or a specified rate pegged to the prime interest.一方面本金隨著批量大小而改變；另一方面，利息隨著投資在存貨上的本金的多少而增減，而大多數(shù)情況下，存貨是根據(jù)主要利息率或指定利息率計(jì)算的。The lot sizing concept balances the cost of maintaining inventories against the cost of ordering. The key to understanding the relationship is to remember that average inventory is equal to onehalf the order quantity. The larger the order quantity, the fewer orders required per planning period and, consequently, the lower the total ordering cost. Lot quantity formulations identify the precise quantities at which the annual bined total cost of ordering and maintenance is lowest for a given sales volume