【正文】 物流英語課文內(nèi)容精講串講筆記課文內(nèi)容精講Unit 1General Introduction to LogisticsModern logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information that are of vital importance to customers and clients in various sectors of the economic society,which may include but by no means is limited to:packaging，warehousing，material handling，inventory，transport，forecasting，strategic planning and customer service.現(xiàn)代物流與物資及信息的及時有效流動相關(guān)，而物資和信息的及時有效流動對經(jīng)濟社會的不同領(lǐng)域的顧客和客戶有著極其重要的意義?，F(xiàn)代物流包括但不限于下列方面：包裝，倉儲，材料搬運，存貨，運輸，預(yù)測，戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃，客戶服務(wù)。Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans,implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers’ requirements.
物流是供應(yīng)鏈的一部分，計劃、執(zhí)行和控制產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)及相關(guān)信息從原產(chǎn)地到消費地的及時有效流動和存儲以滿足客戶要求。課文內(nèi)容精講Unit 2An Important FactorIt is universally acknowledged that products are of two kinds, products for customers and products for industrial use.就產(chǎn)品而言，普遍認為有兩類，一類是消費類產(chǎn)品，另一類是工業(yè)用途產(chǎn)品。Consumer products are those that are directed to ultimate to the three different ways in which consumers select goods and services and where they buy them, consumer products can be put into three categories:convenience products, shopping products, and specialty products.消費類產(chǎn)品是指直接面對終端消費者的產(chǎn)品。根據(jù)消費者挑選產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的三種不同方式以及從哪里購買這些產(chǎn)品，消費品可分為便利型產(chǎn)品，購買型產(chǎn)品和特殊產(chǎn)品三種。Convenience products are those goods and services that consumers purchase frequently, immediately, and with little parative shopping.便利型產(chǎn)品是指消費者需要經(jīng)常、及時購買并且不十分需要比較差價的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。Shopping products are those for which consumers are willing to seek and pare: paring in many locations the price, quality, and performance, and making a purchase only after careful deliberation.購買型產(chǎn)品是消費者愿意到處尋尋覓覓，比較價格、質(zhì)量和性能，三思之后才作出購買決定的產(chǎn)品。Specialty products are those for which buyers are willing to expend a substantial effort and often to wait a significant amount of time in order to acquire them.特殊產(chǎn)品是指買家愿意花費大量精力并為了獲得它們可以忍受很長的等待時間的產(chǎn)品。The 80/20 concept is derived from the fact that the bulk of the sales are generated from relatively few products in the product line. This simply means 80 percent of a firm’s sales are generated by 20 percent of the product line items. An exact 8020 ratio is rarely observed, but the disproportionality between sales and the number of items is generally true.8020概念是說銷售量中的大部分來自生產(chǎn)線上種類相對少的產(chǎn)品。也就是說，公司銷售量的80%是由20%的產(chǎn)品實現(xiàn)的。精確的8020比例是很難達到的，但是銷售量和產(chǎn)品種類數(shù)目間的不一致一般是存在的。It is reasonably expected that the volumes of cargo flow in any given firm vary depending on how successful their sales are. At any point in time, there exists a product phenomenon called the 8020 curve, a particularly valuable concept for logistics planning.任何公司的貨物流量都應(yīng)該根據(jù)銷售量的大小來決定，這是合理的。在任何時候，產(chǎn)品都存在著8020曲線現(xiàn)象，這是物流計劃中非常有價值的概念。課文內(nèi)容精講Unit 3TransportationTransportation is a vital ponent in the design and management of logistics systems. It may account for onethird to twothirds of total logistics costs. The choices available to the users typically include the five major transport modes (air, truck, rail, water, and pipe) and their binations. Users may hire the services or own the means of transportation.運輸是物流系統(tǒng)設(shè)計和管理的一個重要部分，可能占整個物流成本的1/3到2/3。用戶一般可以選擇五大運輸模式（飛機、汽車、鐵路、水路和管道運輸），也可以互相結(jié)合運用。用戶可以租用運輸服務(wù)或者使用自有的運輸工具。Rates are based primarily on three factors—distance, shipment size, and petition.費率主要由三方面決定——運輸距離、每票貨物的大小以及市場競爭。Cost allocation is one of the factors that affect pricing. The shipper’s perspective about it is important, though it is chiefly something that the carriers should pay attention to.成本分配是影響定價的諸多因素之一。雖然這主要是承運人應(yīng)當注意的事情，但托運人的看法也很重要。JIT:justintime,準時制，是實現(xiàn)零庫存（zero inventory）的一種途徑。JIT service can help to reduce inventory cost.準時制服務(wù)可以節(jié)省庫存開銷。課文內(nèi)容精講Unit 4Logistics StrategyInventory is viewed as playing a role in the valueadded process. This does not mean the more you have in the form of inventory, the richer you are.在增值過程中庫存被人們認為起著重要作用，這并不意味著以庫存的形式存放的貨物越多，你就越富。On the one hand, capital cost increases with the lot size. On the other hand, the interest accrues on the capital invested in the carrying inventory, which is, in many cases, puted according to the prime interest rate or a specified rate pegged to the prime interest.一方面本金隨著批量大小而改變；另一方面，利息隨著投資在存貨上的本金的多少而增減，而大多數(shù)情況下，存貨是根據(jù)主要利息率或指定利息率計算的。The lot sizing concept balances the cost of maintaining inventories against the cost of ordering. The key to understanding the relationship is to remember that average inventory is equal to onehalf the order quantity. The larger the order quantity, the fewer orders required per planning period and, consequently, the lower the total ordering cost. Lot quantity formulations identify the precise quantities at which the annual bined total cost of ordering and maintenance is lowest for a given sales volume