【正文】 【1】Insurance is the sharing of _______(1). Nearly everyone is exposed ______(2) of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his _______(3) can be damaged by fire。 the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea。 the breadwinner knows that he may die by ________(4) and ________(5) his family in poverty. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire or every vessel lost at sea. If these persons each put a ________(6) sum of money into a pool, there will be enough to _______(7) the needs of the few who do suffer ________(8). In other words the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the _______(9). This is the basis of ________(10). Those who pay the contributions are known as ________(11) and those who administer the pool of the contributions as insurer.The ________(12) for an insurance naturally depends on how the risk is to happen as suggested ________(13) past experience. If the panies fix their premiums too ________(14), there will be more petition in their branch of insurance and they may lose _________(15). On the other hand, if they make the premiums too low, they will not have _________(16) and may even have to drop out __________(17) business. So the ordinary forces of supply and __________(18) keep premiums at a proper ________(19) to both insurers and those who _________(20) insurance.【2】Motivation is “the driving force within individuals that impels them to action.” And goals are the soughtafter results _______(1) motivated behavior.Motivation can be either positive or negative ________(2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, _________(3) a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away ________(4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives ________(5) needs, wants or desires, _______(6) negative drives as fears or aversions. ________(7), though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically _________(8) terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in ________(9) they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior. ________(10) this reason, researchers often refer ________(11) both kinds of drives of motives as needs, wants and desires.Goals, ________(12), can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward ________(13) behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is ________(14) from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refers to ________(15) types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middleaged woman may wish to remain ________(16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and ________(17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin _______(18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams. _________(19) the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal ? attractiveness。 in the _______(20) case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal – wrinkled skin.【3】A good translator is by definition bilingual. The opposite is not _______(1) true, however. A born and bred bilingual will still need two ______(2) to bee a translator: first, the skills and experience necessary for _______(3)。 second, knowledge of the field in which he or she will ________(4). The skills and experience for translation include the ability to write _______(5) in the target language, the ability to read and understand the ________(6) language material thoroughly, and the ability to work with the latest ________(7) and munication hardware and software.Dose a born and bred bilingual ________(8) a better translator than someone who learned language B later in ______(9)? There is no definite answer, but the following issues are important. ________(10), a born and bred bilingual often suffers from not truly knowing ________(11) language well enough to translate, with some even suffering from what ________(12) known as a lingualism, a state in which a person lacks ________(13) full, fluent mand of any language. Second, born and bred bilinguals _______(14) don?t know the culture of the target language well enough to ________(15) topquality translations, or cannot recognize what aspects of the source language _________(16) its culture need to be treated with particular care, as they _________(17) in a sense too close to the language. And last, they often _________(18) the analytical linguistic skills to work through a sticky text.On ________(19) other hand, the acquired bilingual may not have the same indepth _________(20) of colloquialisms, slang, and dialect that the born bilingual has. Also, the acquired bilingual will not be able to translate as readily in both directions (from B to language A and A to language B). Finally, born bilinguals often have a greater appreciation of the subtleties and nuances of both their languages than someone who learns their B language later in life can ever hope to have.【4】Statistics from China ________(1) be mind boggling: billion _________(2), trillion cigarettes smoked in a year, 7,000 different ________(3) of woody plants. But amid all of these staggering sums, one factoid stands ________(4) for both its audacious size and for what it says about China?s future: there are 630 million Chinese under the age of 24. That?s a lot of ________(5) energy to burn. Materialism may be the ________(6) preoccupation among China?s young people these days, but just beneath the surface lies a feeling ________(7) wounded nationalist pride and an everdeepening spiritual hunger. It isn?t clear where China?s young people are headed. But this is a generation that,