【正文】
長春工業(yè)大學學士學位論文 I 摘 要 包裝是產(chǎn)品進入流通領域的必要條件,而實現(xiàn)包裝的主要手段是使用包裝機械。近年來,隨著全球經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展,各國人民的生活水平不斷提高,食品、建材等工業(yè)發(fā)展越來越快,各個行業(yè)對自動包裝設備的需求越來越大。但是,我國包裝行業(yè)起步較晚,與國外的包裝行業(yè)存在著很大距離,包裝設備結構簡單,技術落后,因而造成生產(chǎn)效率低下,物料嚴重浪費,能源耗費大。 本 此設計 主要介紹了一種以 PLC( 可編程控制器 ) 為控制核心的自動包裝控制系統(tǒng)。在包裝過程中,通過稱重傳感器 測量物料重量信號 并利用 PLC的 PID功能 對進料門( 電動 閥 ) 開度進行控制,控制原則是設定重量與過程變量的偏差越大則電動閥開度越大,反之偏差越小電動閥開度越小。這樣一來就使得物料稱重更加精確,大大地提高了物料的利用率,更重要的是提高了生產(chǎn)效率,也就為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造了更多的價值。 另外,本系統(tǒng)的自動化程度較高,節(jié)省了勞動力的投入,并且精度較高,可靠性良好,相信會有良好的發(fā)展前景。 關鍵詞 : PLC(可編程控制器) ; PID;自動包裝 長春工業(yè)大學學士學位論文 II ABSTRACT The packing is the essential condition that the product enters the current distribution realm, but realizes the packing principal means uses the packaging machinery. In recent years, along with global economics39。 fast development, various countries39。 people39。s living standard enhanced unceasingly, industrial developments such as food,building materials industry are getting quicker and quicker, each profession is getting bigger and bigger to the automatic packaging equipment39。s demand. But, our country start to be late in the profession of packing, and has the very great distance with the overseas packing profession, the equipment of packing to be simple, the technology is backward, thus causes the production efficiency to be low, the material wastes seriously, the energy consumes in a big way. This design mainly introduces an automatic packaging control system that take the PLC ( programmable logic controller) as the core of control. During the packing process, to measure the material weight signal through the Weighing Sensor and use the PID of PLC to control the opening of gate ( Electrically operated valve), The control principle is the set point and the process variable deviation is bigger, then the opening of Electrically operated valve is bigger, Otherwise the deviation smaller Electrically operated valve39。s opening is smaller. Thus the material weighing is more precise, on the other hand, it will raise the utility rate of material up greatly, and the most important point is that it will raise the production efficiency, also has created more values for the enterprise. Moreover, this system39。s automaticity is high, it save the investment of labors, and it has the high precision and the good reliability, believed that can have the good prospects for development. Key Words: PLC ( Programmable Logic Controller): PID: Automatic Packaging 長春工業(yè)大學學士學位論文 III 目 錄 第一章 緒 論 ............................................................................................................. 6 選題背景及意義 ...................................................................................................... 6 包裝機械行業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢 ......................................................................... 6 我國包裝機械行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................... 6 目前我國包裝機械行業(yè)發(fā)展的共性問題 ................................................... 6 我國包裝行業(yè)未來的發(fā)展趨勢 ................................................................... 3 自動包裝設備的市場分析 ..................................................................................... 3 可編程控制技術的現(xiàn)狀 .......................................................................................... 4 可編程控制技術的發(fā)展趨勢 .................................................................................. 5 PLC 與其它工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)的比較 .......................................................................... 7 PLC 與繼電器控制系統(tǒng)的比較 .................................................................... 7 PLC 與單片機控制系統(tǒng)比較 ........................................................................ 8 PLC 與計算機控制系統(tǒng)的比較 .................................................................... 8 PLC 與集散型控制系統(tǒng)的比較 .................................................................... 9 PLC 在包裝機械上應用的可能性和前景 .............................................................. 9 第二章 系統(tǒng)方案設計 ................................................................................................... 11 系統(tǒng)方案選擇 ........................................................................................................ 11 系統(tǒng)組成 ..................................................................................................... 11 系統(tǒng)工作原理 ............................................................................................. 12 第三章 PLC(可編程控制器)的選擇 ........................................................................ 14 PLC 的選擇 ............................................................................................................ 14 S7200 系列 PLC 的主要特點及 功能 ........................................................ 14 S7200 系列 PLC 的結構組成 .................................................................... 16 S7200 系列 PLC 的數(shù)據(jù) ............................................................................ 17 S7200 系列 PLC 的尋址方式 .................................................................... 17 程序中幾個關鍵存儲器的功能 ................................................................. 17 S7200 系列 PLC CPU 型號選擇 .......................................................................... 18 CPU 226 型的技術指標 ............................................................................... 18 S7200 CPU 226 型 PLC 的外型 ................................................................. 18 第四章 其它元器件選擇 ................................................................................................. 20 模擬量擴展單元模板的選擇 ............................................................................... 20 長春工業(yè)大學學士學位論文 IV EM235 模塊 的 技術指標 ............................................................................. 20 EM235 模塊的接線端子說明及接線方法 ................................................. 20 EM235 模塊的數(shù)據(jù)字格式 ......................................................................... 21 EM235 模塊的校準 ...............