【正文】 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計 (論 文 ) 題 目 加熱爐溫度控制器的設(shè)計 學(xué)生姓名 專業(yè)班級 指導(dǎo)教師 職 稱 所在單位 教研室主任 完成日期 2020年 6 月 21 日 摘 要 本文主要從硬件和軟件兩方面介紹了如何運用 MCS51 單片機(jī)設(shè)計加熱爐的溫度控制系統(tǒng) ，說明了怎么 實現(xiàn)對加熱爐溫度的控制， 并 對硬件原理圖和程序流程圖作了簡潔的描述。 還 介紹了在加熱爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)的軟硬件設(shè)計中的一些主要技術(shù)關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié) ,該系統(tǒng)主要以 AT89C51 單片機(jī)為核心 ,由 LED 顯示電路，鍵盤輸入電路，溫度檢測電路 ,模/數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換電路 , 過零檢測電路 , 報警與指示電路 , 光電隔離與功率放大電路等構(gòu)成。 但 用 AT89C51單片機(jī)設(shè)計的溫度檢測電路是本次設(shè)計的主要內(nèi)容，是整個單片機(jī)溫度控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計中不可缺少的一部分，該系統(tǒng)對溫度進(jìn)行了實時采集與檢測。本設(shè)計介紹的單片機(jī)溫度自動控制系統(tǒng)的主要內(nèi)容包括：系統(tǒng)方案、元器件選擇、系統(tǒng)理論分析、硬件設(shè)計、軟件設(shè)計、系統(tǒng)調(diào)試及主要技術(shù)性能參 數(shù)。 關(guān)鍵詞： 單片機(jī) 溫度傳感器 溫度檢測 溫度控制 PID算法 Abstract The design of singlechip’s temperature control system is introduced from hardware and software, and simply explains how to actualize the temperature control. The hardware principle and software case fig are described. Some important techniques in a design scheme of the hardware and the software of the temperature control by singlechip microputer are introduced. The system mostly takes 89C51 singlechip microputer as core, it is structured by temperature testing circuit, A/D switch circuit, zero passage testing circuit, warning and indication circuit, opticalelectrical isolation and power amplifier circuit and so on. The main content of this design is temperature testing circuit that uses AT89C51 singlechip microputer .It is a part of the whole design that cannot be lacked. The system is used to collect and control temperature in real time. The temperature automatic control system based on singlechip microputer is described in the article including system scheme， parts of an apparatus choice, theoretical analysis， the design of hardware and software, system testing， and the main technical performance parameters． Key Words： Single— Chip Microputer Temperature sensor Temperature collecting Temperature controlling PID algorithm 目 錄 1 前言 ...................................................................................................................................... 1 2 系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計 ................................................................................................................... 2 課題要求與內(nèi)容 ......................................................................................................... 2 總體方案設(shè)計 ............................................................................................................. 2 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) .......................................................................................................... 3 具體設(shè)計考慮 .................................................................................................. 3 硬件和軟件功能劃分 ................................................................................................. 4 3 系統(tǒng)硬件的設(shè)計 ............................................................................................................... 5 微處理器 ..................................................................................................................... 5 溫度檢測電路設(shè)計 ..................................................................................................... 6 溫度控制電路設(shè)計 ................................................................................................... 10 看門狗電路設(shè)計 ........................................................................................................ 12 人機(jī)通道設(shè)計 ............................................................................................................ 13 4 系統(tǒng)軟件的設(shè)計 ............................................................................................................. 16 軟件設(shè)計概述 ........................................................................................................... 16 程序的總體設(shè)計 ....................................................................................................... 16 系統(tǒng)資源分配 ........................................................................................................... 16 系統(tǒng)程序 .................................................................................................................... 17 系統(tǒng)主程序 ..................................................................................................... 17 按鍵處理子程序 ............................................................................................ 18 標(biāo)度變換 ........................................................................................................ 20 顯示處理 ......................................................................................................... 20 定時中斷子程序 ............................................................................................ 22 PID 控制算法 ............................................................................................................ 23 控制面板的設(shè)計 ....................................................................................................... 26 控制面板的介紹 ............................................................................................ 26 控制面板的功能 ............................................................................................ 27 5 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試 ........................................................................................................................... 28 5． 1 硬件調(diào)試方法 ......................................................................................................... 28 5． 1． 1 聯(lián)機(jī)調(diào)試 .................................................................................................... 28 5． 1． 2 脫機(jī)調(diào)試 .................................................................................................... 29 5． 2 軟件調(diào)試方法 ......................................................................................................... 29 結(jié) 論 ......................................................