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初中語(yǔ)法專題形容詞(已修改)

2025-04-05 12:37 本頁(yè)面
 

【正文】 形容詞學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容一、基本概念形容詞和副詞都是起修飾作用的詞類。形容詞用來(lái)描寫和修飾名詞或代詞,說(shuō)明人或事物的特征,性質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)。二、基本分類性質(zhì)形容詞——直接表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征,有級(jí)的變化,并且可以使用程度副詞加以修飾。例如:good, large, heavy, beautiful等。大多數(shù)形容詞都屬于這一類。形容詞 敘述形容詞——又叫作表語(yǔ)形容詞,沒(méi)有級(jí)的變化,也不能用程度副詞加以修飾;多以a開(kāi)頭。 例如:alone(單獨(dú)的),afraid(害怕的), asleep(睡著的),alive(活著的),awake(醒著的), worth(值得的),unable(不可能的), ill(病的)。分詞作形容詞:現(xiàn)在分詞作形容詞表示主動(dòng);過(guò)去分詞作形容詞表示被動(dòng)。例如:a frightening film 一部恐怖電影 a frightened girl 一個(gè)嚇壞了的女孩 an interesting story 一個(gè)有趣的故事 a locked gate 一個(gè)上了鎖的大門三、形容詞用法詳解 構(gòu)成1)普通形容詞:本身即為形容詞的詞 如:red, glad, nice, beautiful 2)形容詞具有獨(dú)特的后綴形式主要有:y,able, ible, al, ical, ant, ary, ful, less, ous,en,ern,n等。如: sunny,windy,funny,cloudy,noisy,lucky,fortable, terrible, national, natural, political, chemical, important, pleasant, ordinary, necessary, beautiful, wonderful, careful, hopeless, careless, famous, dangerous,wooden,golden,western,eastern,northern,southern,Asian,American注意:它們是形容詞而不是副詞3)以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞如:friendly友好的,lonely孤獨(dú)的,lovely可愛(ài)的,likely可能的,lively活潑的,ugly丑陋的,brotherly兄弟般的,fatherly 慈父般的, sisterly 姐妹般的,orderly 有秩序的 用法和位置1)作定語(yǔ):形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)置于名詞之前;修飾不定代詞時(shí),置于不定代詞之后。如:What beautiful flowers! I have something important to tell you. 【小試牛刀】1. What a (sun) day it is today! Let’s go to the park.答案:sunny2. In the West, people like to finish a meal with , for instance, dessert. A. sweet anything B. sweet something C. anything sweet D. something sweet答案:D2)作表語(yǔ):在be動(dòng)詞、感官動(dòng)詞taste(嘗起來(lái)),smell(聞起來(lái)),sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)),look(看起來(lái)),feel(感到)以及get, turn等系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。如:He is young. She looks happy today. The food tastes delicious. 【小試牛刀】 Is this a photo of your daughter? She looks in the pink dress! A. lovely B. quietly C. politely D. happily答案:A3)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):放在賓語(yǔ)之后,常與make, leave, keep, find等動(dòng)詞連用。 如: You should keep your room clean every day. Don’t leave the door open when you go out. 【小試牛刀】 We will have a field trip this afternoon. The news makes everyone . A. excited B. frightened C. happily D. luckily 答案:A4)形容詞名詞化:有些形容詞前加定冠詞后變成名詞。如:   The young should take good care of the old. 年輕人應(yīng)該好好照顧老人?! ? The new always replaces the old. 新事物總是取代舊事物。記住下列詞匯:the old (or the aged) 老人 the young 年輕人 the sick 病人 the healthy 健康人 the blind 盲人 the deaf 聾子 the white 白人 the black 黑人 the dead 死者 the brave 勇敢的人 the wounded 傷員 the false 謬誤 the evil 邪惡 the unexpected 出乎意料的事 the unknown 未知之事 the impossible 不可能的事 the smooth 順事 the good 優(yōu)點(diǎn) the bad 缺點(diǎn) 多個(gè)形容詞排序①限定詞(冠詞,指示代詞,物主代詞,所有格,數(shù)詞)+②描繪性形容詞(如:beautiful , fine ,interesting)+③大小,長(zhǎng)短,高低等形容詞(如:tall ,high ,small, little ,round)+④年齡,新舊(如 young, old, new)+⑤顏色(如 black , white, blue)+⑥國(guó)籍,地區(qū),出處(如 Japanese, American, England, rural)+⑦材料(如 plastic, silky, wooden)口訣一:冠代數(shù)形大,新色國(guó)材名口訣二:好美小高狀其新,彩色國(guó)料特別親口訣三:限制描述大長(zhǎng)高,形狀年齡與新老,顏色國(guó)籍出材料,用途類別往后靠 口訣四:大小形狀和新老,顏色國(guó)籍出(處)材料高頻考點(diǎn)1)形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞后置:Mum, Bill is ing to dinner this evening. OK, Let’s give him______ to eat. A. something different B. different anything C. anything different D. different something答案:A感官系動(dòng)詞:look看起來(lái) sound聽(tīng)起來(lái)taste嘗起來(lái) + 形容詞feel摸起來(lái)smell聞起來(lái)2)形容詞放在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ),尤其是5個(gè)感官系動(dòng)詞:1. John looks so _______today because she got an “A” in
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