【正文】 基于 PLC 的水位控制系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn) 基于 PLC 的水位控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn) 摘 要 隨著社會(huì)進(jìn)步和經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展，人們對(duì)住房條件要求的提高，高位生活用水和工業(yè)用水逐漸增多，傳統(tǒng)的控制方法已經(jīng)落后。以前采用人工進(jìn)行控制蓄水池的水位，由于不可能每時(shí)每刻對(duì)水位進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的定位監(jiān)測(cè)，并且?guī)в泻艽蟮闹饔^性，所以很難準(zhǔn)確控制水泵電機(jī)的啟停，并且大多數(shù)供水系統(tǒng)采集信息數(shù)量少、處理慢、傳遞遲，難以實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)備之間及系統(tǒng)與外界之間的信息交換，嚴(yán)重制約了企業(yè)信息集成及企業(yè)綜合自 動(dòng)化的實(shí)現(xiàn)。計(jì)算機(jī)和自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)不斷進(jìn)步使得高性能的供水系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)成為可能。因此，研究高性能、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的供水監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，對(duì)降低能耗、信息共享具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本設(shè)計(jì)主要介紹了以可編程邏輯控制器（ C20P 型 PLC）與變頻器為核心的控制系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)水塔水位的遠(yuǎn)程控制，并且實(shí)現(xiàn)了低警戒水位的報(bào)警。本設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)其控制原理、硬件選擇、軟件設(shè)計(jì)、報(bào)警電路進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)闡述，使軟件程序的設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)單化，硬件接口簡(jiǎn)易可行，特別是提高了整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和抗干擾能力。 本系統(tǒng)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的供水系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行改造，可以有效的解決以前供水壓力波動(dòng)大、系統(tǒng) 故障率高、能源浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重等一系列問(wèn)題。同時(shí)，系統(tǒng)具有自動(dòng)和手動(dòng)兩種控制方式，便于對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行維護(hù)修理，并能通過(guò)應(yīng)用軟件對(duì)供水系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行監(jiān)控和遠(yuǎn)距離控制，提高效率，實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化供水。 關(guān)鍵字： PLC，變頻器，自動(dòng)控制 Control system design and realizes PLCbased water level ABSTRACT With social progress and rapid economic development, people have requested the improvement of housing conditions, high domestic water and industrial water gradually increased, the traditional control method has lagged behind. Before using artificial control of the reservoir water level, because every time the water level can not make accurate positioning monitoring, and a lot of subjectivity, it is difficult to accurately control the motor from the pump stopped。 most of the water supply system and a small number of information collection, processing slow, late delivery, difficult to achieve between devices and systems and the exchange of information between the outside world, has seriously hampered enterprise information integration and the realization of integrated automation business. Computer and automatic control technology makes highperformance continuous improvement of the water supply system for possible. This paper presents a programmable logic controller C20PPLC with an inverter at the core of the control system and realized the water towers on the remote control and achieved a low warning level of alarm. In this paper, its control principle, the choice of hardware, software design, focus on alarm circuits, software programs simplify the design, hardware interface simple and feasible, in particular, to improve the stability of the entire system and antijamming capabilities. To the traditional water supply system reform and effective solution before the water pressure fluctuations, the system failure rate is high and the serious waste of energy, such as a series of problems. At the same time, the system has both automatic and manual control mode, the system for maintenance repairs, and through the application of the water supply system for remote monitoring and control, improve efficiency, automated water supply. Key Words: PLC， Frequency Converter， Automatically Control 目錄 1 緒論 ................................................ 1 研 究 現(xiàn) 狀 及 發(fā) 展 趨勢(shì) ............................................... 1 供水方式的發(fā)展 .................................... 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外供水監(jiān)控系統(tǒng) 的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ........................ 2 課題研究意義 ............................................. 3 課題研究?jī)?nèi)容 ............................................ 4 論文內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)安排 ...................................... 4 2 PLC 的概述 ........................................... 5 PLC 的來(lái)源及概念 ....................................... 5 PLC 的來(lái)源 .............................................. 5 PLC 的定義 ............................................ 5 PLC 特點(diǎn)及應(yīng)用 .......................................... 6 PLC 的特點(diǎn) ........................................... 6 PLC 的應(yīng)用 ......................................... 7 PLC 的分類及組成 ........................................ 8 PLC 的分類 ...................................... 8 PLC 的組成 .............................................. 9 PLC 的其它組 成部分 .....................................12 PLC 的 邏 輯 結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................ 13 PLC 的工作原理 ............................................... 14 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)一般設(shè)計(jì)步驟 ........................... 17 2 小結(jié) ................................................... 19 3 水位控制系統(tǒng)中 PLC 硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) ........................... 20 系統(tǒng)控制要求 ................................ 20 PLC 選型 ................................................ 20 系統(tǒng)硬件配置 ............................................ 21 歐姆龍 C20P 系 統(tǒng)硬件配置 .................................. 22 變頻器的選擇 ............................................. 24 系統(tǒng)工作原理 ...................................... 26 小結(jié) ........................................... 29 4 水塔水位控制系統(tǒng)外圍電路的設(shè)計(jì) .................... 30 水位測(cè)量系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ....................................... 30 鍵盤(pán)電路設(shè)計(jì) ............................................ 31 鍵盤(pán)的結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................. 31 鍵盤(pán)的電路設(shè)計(jì) ........................................ 32 顯示電路的設(shè)計(jì) ....................................... 33 報(bào)警電路的設(shè)計(jì) ....................................... 33 水泵控制電路設(shè)計(jì) .................................... 34 小結(jié) ..................................................... 34 5 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) .......................................... 35 編程軟件的構(gòu)成 .................................. 35 編程軟件的選擇 ............................... 35 系統(tǒng)流程圖 ............................... 36 編程說(shuō)明 .................................... 37 小結(jié) ............................................... 40 6 總 結(jié) ............................................. 41 參考文獻(xiàn) .................................................. 42