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考研英語(yǔ)完形填空題規(guī)律與技巧一.完型填空指導(dǎo)思想:教育部考試中心編輯出版的《全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試分析》,“完型填空主要測(cè)試考生結(jié)合上下文的綜合理解能力和語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力,即在閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)的運(yùn)用能力”,體現(xiàn)了考研英語(yǔ)大綱的“重應(yīng)用,輕背誦;重理解,輕猜測(cè);重思維,輕僵化;重時(shí)效,輕保守”的原則。二.歷年試題主題:(一)主題:社科與科普1992年:探索太空1993年:建筑材料1994年:語(yǔ)言1995年:睡眠1996年:維生素1997年:人力資源1998年:工業(yè)革命1999年:安全生產(chǎn)2000年:農(nóng)場(chǎng)經(jīng)營(yíng)2001年:新聞媒體2002年:媒體革命2003年:青少年教育2004年:青少年犯罪2005年:嗅覺(jué)2006年:救助無(wú)家可歸者(二) 總結(jié):1.考點(diǎn)分配:完型填空詞匯辨析題所占比例 60%。每個(gè)單詞,每類詞匯考察的是通過(guò)詞根、詞綴演化、派生的新詞詞義或用法,重點(diǎn)考察形近詞和近意詞的用法及區(qū)別——這要求大家要把單詞放到環(huán)境(context)記,而不要死記字面上的“詞義”;完型填空語(yǔ)法辨析題所占比例10%。要求考生準(zhǔn)確把握語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目,同時(shí)能夠舉一反三并且靈活的應(yīng)用。完型填空邏輯關(guān)系題所占比例 25%。單調(diào)膚淺的轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等邏輯關(guān)系已不再是體現(xiàn)句子之間關(guān)系的必要內(nèi)容了。取而代之的是遞進(jìn)、引申等更具懸疑的關(guān)系。同時(shí),固定搭配題的數(shù)量明顯減少??梢?jiàn),要想作好完型題,關(guān)鍵是平時(shí)要真正地作好“精讀”,不放過(guò)每一個(gè)詞和每一個(gè)句意。理解句子的意義和詞義肯定是完型高分的前提。2.文章長(zhǎng)度:2001年前,一般為200字左右、10個(gè)空。2001年后為280字左右、20個(gè)空。3.語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):常規(guī)語(yǔ)法都會(huì)涉及到。尤其要注意定語(yǔ)從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。(三) 文章出處:與其他閱讀文章一樣,完型的題,內(nèi)容顯然出自外國(guó)書(shū)刊,句子具有明顯的英語(yǔ)特點(diǎn)(沒(méi)有漢語(yǔ)味道)——(句子結(jié)構(gòu))緊、(句子長(zhǎng)度)長(zhǎng)、(表達(dá)意思)繞。要求大家多看外國(guó)人寫(xiě)的文章,熟悉真正的英語(yǔ)思維。文章的另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是:所選的文章儼然就是一篇很好很嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)挠⒄Z(yǔ)作文,一般前一段給出主題,中間是論述,最后是結(jié)尾。例如99年(P:39)的試題:Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies _with__ low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42 and active. When the work is well done, a climate of accidentfree operations is established _where__ time lost due to injuriesis kept at a minimum. (主題段) Successful safety programs may differ greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by _observing__ rules or regulations. _Still_ others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every progr8m if maximum results are to be obtained.(論述段) There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety _pays off__. The fewer the injury claims, the better the workman’s insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at _a profit__or at a loss.(結(jié)論段)因此,每天認(rèn)真做一個(gè)完形練習(xí),你可以收到下列效果:真正詳細(xì)徹底地理解了單詞、句意、鞏固了語(yǔ)法(這些又極大里有利于你做閱讀題),同時(shí)又無(wú)意中領(lǐng)略了作文的思路、用詞和寫(xiě)法。三.歷年考研英語(yǔ)完型填空考點(diǎn)匯集及規(guī)律性答題技巧:(一)解題步驟:1.略看全文:知道它是關(guān)于什么的,大意是什么2.看語(yǔ)法:把選項(xiàng)放幾句子里,語(yǔ)法不正確的搭配,絕對(duì)是錯(cuò)誤的。3.看搭配:除邏輯以外,詞的用法經(jīng)常是固定的,動(dòng)詞后邊跟什么名詞做賓語(yǔ)(或反過(guò)來(lái)),都是常例,不能違反。4.看邏輯:文章第一段一般給了全文的整體邏輯(主題),你選的選項(xiàng)所得出的意思與該主題相悖,一定是錯(cuò)的。 5.看漢語(yǔ):心理把句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ),如果符合該詞所在的全文、全段和句子的邏輯,那就是對(duì)的。可以絕對(duì)地說(shuō),符合全文、全段和句子的邏輯的選項(xiàng)一定是對(duì)的。(二)規(guī)律性答題技巧1.邏輯題:既根據(jù)全文的主題,選擇與主題一致(不與主題邏輯發(fā)岔)的詞。檢驗(yàn)的辦法是:你填空以后,心里翻譯出你完成的句子的漢語(yǔ),如果與你理解的全文主題的邏輯一樣,就應(yīng)該是正確的??梢哉f(shuō),這種題就是要你補(bǔ)全邏輯,因此你的工作是“增”和“補(bǔ)”、而不是“減”和“損”原文的邏輯。一個(gè)不足三百字的短文,其邏輯一定是統(tǒng)一的,不會(huì)發(fā)岔。例如:(1)段內(nèi)邏輯一體的判斷:例1.(:94年題第一段)The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of 42 breakdown in the munication cycle. Too often, careless use of words 43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may 44 unfavorable reactions in the listener 45 interfere with his prehension。 hence, the transmissionreception system breaks down .本段中,In speaking, the choice of words is 41 the utmost importance說(shuō)交流中是否恰當(dāng)用詞是至關(guān)重要的,順著這個(gè)邏輯,下邊要說(shuō)的話一定是(通過(guò)舉例或論述)來(lái)支持這個(gè)論點(diǎn)。果然,他認(rèn)為Proper selection(of words)會(huì)消除(eliminate)一個(gè)阻止交流中斷的來(lái)源(source),那么從第42選項(xiàng)中A. inaccessible B. timely C. likely D. invalid選C, 然后,心里翻譯該句子,得到:正確地選擇用詞可以消除中斷交流過(guò)程的一個(gè)可能的原因。這樣的句意,與前邊的choice of words is of the utmost importance意義一脈相承,因此合乎全文邏輯,因此是正確的。后一句,Too often, careless use of words 43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. 選項(xiàng)是A. encourages B. prevents C. destroys D. offers,把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都放進(jìn)句子里,得到: Too often, careless use of words encourages a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener.很多情況下,用詞不當(dāng)會(huì)鼓勵(lì)聽(tīng)、說(shuō)雙方的心靈交融。 Too often, careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener.很多情況下,用詞不當(dāng)會(huì)阻止聽(tīng)、說(shuō)雙方的心靈交融。Too often, careless use of words destroys a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener.很多情況下,用詞不當(dāng)會(huì)破壞聽(tīng)、說(shuō)雙方的心靈交融。Too often, careless use of words offers a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener.很多情況下,用詞不當(dāng)會(huì)提供聽(tīng)、說(shuō)雙方的心靈交融。顯然,“很多情況下,用詞不當(dāng)會(huì)阻止聽(tīng)、說(shuō)雙方的心靈交融”與前兩句的邏輯一體,是正確選擇。接下來(lái),The words used by the speaker may 44 unfavorable reactions in the listener 45 interfere with his prehension是進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明前邊那句里說(shuō)的“用詞不當(dāng)”會(huì)在聽(tīng)者內(nèi)心引起什么樣的反應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)是:A. pass out B. take away C. back up D. stir up。這個(gè)選項(xiàng),就是動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)的搭配要受邏輯搭配決定的問(wèn)題了。所謂“動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)的搭配”,就是說(shuō),從語(yǔ)法上看,任何一個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以與unfavorable reactions形成動(dòng)賓搭配,但是這句話不是一個(gè)孤立的句子,而是一個(gè)大邏輯體里的一個(gè)部分。The words used (用詞不當(dāng))與下列哪種情況結(jié)合才合乎本句和全文的邏輯呢:The words used by the speaker may pass out unfavorable reactions……不當(dāng)用詞會(huì)使不良反應(yīng)暈倒。The words used by the speaker may take away unfavorable reactions……不當(dāng)用詞會(huì)取走不良反應(yīng) 。The words used by the speaker may back up unfavorable reactions……不當(dāng)用詞會(huì)支持不良反應(yīng)。The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions……不當(dāng)用詞會(huì)引起不良反應(yīng)。顯然,“不當(dāng)用詞會(huì)引起不良反應(yīng)”才與前邊的句子“很多情況下,用詞不當(dāng)會(huì)阻止聽(tīng)、說(shuō)雙方的心靈交融”一脈相承。例2.(: 95年題,Line 1) Sleep is divided into periods of socalled REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of nonREM sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all wellunderstood, but REM sleep is 42assumed to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of nonREM sleep is even more (43)mysterious .The new experiments, such as… 本句中,首句說(shuō),睡眠分為幾個(gè)叫作REM睡眠的階段(特點(diǎn)是快速的眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)和多夢(mèng))以及幾個(gè)非REM睡眠階段。第三句說(shuō)no