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2初三英語復(fù)習(xí)資料一. 名詞表示人、事物、時間、地點及抽象概念這一名稱的詞叫名詞。:可數(shù)名詞(有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式,數(shù)量大于1時用復(fù)數(shù))和不可數(shù)名詞(無復(fù)數(shù)形式,若要表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時,要在前面加單位詞,復(fù)數(shù)要體現(xiàn)在前面的單位名詞上。不可數(shù)名詞用人稱代詞it來指代,謂語動詞用單數(shù))。2.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的方法:(1) 一般情況加s。 eg: bookbooks bagbags friendfriends(2). 以s, x, ch , sh結(jié)尾的加es. eg: busbuses classclasses boxboxes watch—watches brushbrushes(3).以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的改y為 i再加 es.(除Aa , Ee , Ii , Oo , Uo外的叫輔音字母)eg: storystories citycities dictionarydictionaries(4).以字母o結(jié)尾的,有生命的加 es(黑人英雄喜歡吃土豆和西紅柿),無生命的加s.有生命的: negronegroes heroheroes potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes 但bamboo—bamboos除外。無生命的: radioradios photophotos zoozoos kilokilos zero—zeros video videos 錄像 (5)以f或 fe結(jié)尾的變 f或 fe為 v,再加 es. 小偷的妻子用半把刀子和葉子把狼的生命結(jié)束在架子上。eg: lifelives knifeknives wifewives shelfshelves leaf—leaves halfhalves wolfwolves thiefthieves賊(6).表示 某國人,口訣為:中、日不變,英法變,其余后面加 s.Chinese — Chinese Japanese — Japanese Englishman — Englishmen Englishwoman — Englishwomen Frenchman —Frenchmen Frenchwoman — Frenchwomen AustralianAustralians American — AmericansGerman — Germans Canadian — Canadians RussianRussians(7)以oo組成的名詞,把oo變?yōu)閑e. eg. footfeet tooth—teeth 但boot除外(直接加s)。即:boot — boots (8) 結(jié)尾的名詞,把字母a變?yōu)樽帜竐,但German除外(German — Germans). manmen womanwomen policemanpolicemenB. 不規(guī)則變化: childchildren mouse—mice老鼠 C.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的: deerdeer sheepsheep fishfish people—people D. 形式上是復(fù)數(shù),意義上是單數(shù),用作單數(shù)(作主語,謂語用單數(shù));news (新聞),math s(數(shù)學(xué)), physics(物理) , politics(政治 ). 1. The news (be) very sad. 2. Math ( be ) difficult for many students. E. 形式上是單數(shù),意義上是復(fù)數(shù),用作復(fù)數(shù)(集體名詞作主語,be ):people , police , public , class , family , The … family (某人一家) .The class ______ ( be ) listening to the teacher carefully in class . The people there ________(be) very friendly.F. the + 姓氏的復(fù)數(shù) = the +姓+ family “表示某人一家” eg : The Kings The Smiths the Smith family . The King family often ( go ) out for a holiday on Sunday .G. 總以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的(作主語,謂語動詞用原形):shoes , glasses(眼鏡), trousers , clothes, scissors, pants 褲子,chopsticks筷子,shorts短褲 , jeans牛仔褲。. His clothes______ (be) nice. This pair of scissors ( help ) him do many things. (9)復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:A.) 一般將主體名詞變復(fù)數(shù)。 . girl boy girl banana B.) 以man, woman作為第一成分與其它名詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞,則man、woman及后面的名詞都要變復(fù)數(shù)。 . man teacher —— men teachers man doctor —— men doctors woman doctor —— women doctors woman teacher —— women teachers man servantmen servants3.不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量時,要用表示數(shù)量的短語。如:a cup of ? , two cups of? , a glass of , two glasses of… ,a bottle of?, three bottles of?,a kilo of ?,half a kilo of?, two and half a kil