【正文】 沈陽理工大學學士學位論文 I 1 摘 要 能源短缺問題是目前許多國家面臨的重要問題，太陽能作為一種清潔無污染的能源，有著巨大的開發(fā)前景。我國是一個太陽能資源較為豐富的國家，充分利用太陽能資源，有著深遠的能源戰(zhàn)略意義。利用太陽能的關(guān)鍵是提高太陽能電池板采集太陽能的效率，太陽能電池板接受太陽光的直射，由此得到太陽最大光照強度，從而最大限度的采集太陽能。 針對提高太陽能的利用率問題的研究，設計一種基于單片機的光電比較式太陽能自動跟蹤控制器。以 AT89S52 單片機作為核心控制元件，通過將兩個光電傳感器采集到的信號經(jīng)過比較電路和 A/D，將比較結(jié)果輸出至單片機，由單片機分析處理數(shù)據(jù)并輸出至ULN2022A 從而控制五線四相步進電機來實現(xiàn)對太陽位置的跟蹤。該系統(tǒng)具有低成本的優(yōu)點，且具有較好的抗干擾能力，提高了對太陽光能的利用率。 在設計中首先完成對該方案的仿真驗證，而后主要通過編輯器，利用 C 語言編制程序，并完成程序設計，通過下載器將程序燒寫到單片機中。最后通過搭建硬件實驗來實現(xiàn)預先設計跟蹤目標。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：光電傳感器；單片機； C 語言；跟蹤；步進電機 沈陽理工大學學士學位論文 II ABSTRACT Energy shortage is an important issue facing many countries, solar energy as a clean and nonpolluting energy, has great development prospects. Ours is a country rich in solar energy resources are more full use of solar energy resources, energy strategy has farreaching significance. Use of solar energy is the key to increase solar collection efficiency of solar energy panels, solar panels receiving direct sunlight, thereby obtaining the maximum solar illumination intensity, so as to maximize solar collection. For the problem of improving the utilization of solar energy research, design a microcontrollerbased photovoltaic solar automatic tracking controller parison. The AT89S52 microcontroller as the core control elements, by two photoelectric sensor to the signal through the parison circuit and A / D, will pare the results to the MCU, the MCU analytical processing data and output to the ULN2022A to control the fiveline fourphase stepper motor to achieve the position of the sun tracking. The system has the advantages of low cost, and has good antijamming capability, improved the utilization of solar energy. Finished first in the design simulation of the program, and then mainly through the editor, using C language programming, and plete the program design, by downloading device will be programmed into the microcontroller. Finally, to achieve the prebuilt hardware experiments designed to track the target. Keywords: photoelectric sensor。 MCU。 C language。 tracking。 stepper motor 沈陽理工大學學士學位論文 III 目 錄 1 緒論 ..................................................................................................................................... 1 太陽能跟蹤的背景及意義 ....................................................................................... 1 太陽能跟蹤控制器研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢 ............................................................... 1 太 陽能跟蹤控制器概念及原理 ............................................................................... 2 太陽能跟蹤控制器的研究內(nèi)容與過程 ................................................................... 3 2 太陽能跟蹤控制器設計方案 .............................................................................................. 4 功能描述 ................................................................................................................... 4 方案論證 ................................................................................................................... 4 主控系統(tǒng)選擇 ................................................................................................ 4 電機選擇 ........................................................................................................ 7 步進電機勵磁方案選擇 ................................................................................ 9 步進電機驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)選擇 ............................................................................... 11 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換方案選擇 ....................................................................................... 12 跟蹤器方案 設計 ........................................................................................... 14 單片機控制系統(tǒng)方案 ................................................................................... 17 3 太陽能跟蹤控制器硬件電路設計 .................................................................................... 18 系統(tǒng)組成原理 ......................................................................................................... 18 單片機供電電源 ..................................................................................................... 18 單片機最小系統(tǒng) ..................................................................................................... 18 跟蹤器設計 ............................................................................................................. 19 A/D 采集電路設計 ................................................................................................. 20 步進電機驅(qū)動設計 .................................................................................................... 20 4 太陽能跟蹤控制器軟件設計 ............................................................................................ 22 程序流程圖 ............................................................................................................. 22 太陽能跟蹤控制器程序設計 ................................................................................. 23 主函數(shù) .......................................................................................................... 23 定時器 1 中斷初始化函數(shù) .......................................................................... 24 延時函數(shù) ...................................................................................................... 24 沈陽理工大學學士學位論文 IV 按鍵掃描函數(shù) .............................................................................................. 25 定時器 1 中斷子程序控制步進電機正反轉(zhuǎn) .............................................. 26 TLC1543 采集函數(shù) ...................................................................................... 27 5 太陽能跟蹤控制器調(diào)試 .................................................................................................... 30 6 結(jié)論與展望 ........................................................................................................................ 31 8 致 謝 ...............................................................................................................