freepeople性欧美熟妇, 色戒完整版无删减158分钟hd, 无码精品国产vα在线观看DVD, 丰满少妇伦精品无码专区在线观看,艾栗栗与纹身男宾馆3p50分钟,国产AV片在线观看,黑人与美女高潮,18岁女RAPPERDISSSUBS,国产手机在机看影片

正文內(nèi)容

畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)-基于at89s52單片機(jī)的風(fēng)速測(cè)量?jī)x的設(shè)計(jì)(已修改)

2025-01-29 00:23 本頁面
 

【正文】 華北科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) I 基于 AT89S52 單片機(jī)的風(fēng)速測(cè)量?jī)x的設(shè)計(jì) 綜述 風(fēng),特別是井下安全生產(chǎn)中具有重要參考意義,作為氣象環(huán)境中最活躍的因素,對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的勝敗,武器性能的發(fā)揮有著舉足輕重的影響風(fēng)能的利用,也要求人們對(duì)風(fēng)速資源進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的準(zhǔn)確監(jiān)測(cè)。當(dāng)前,風(fēng)速測(cè)量的儀器主要有熱線式、熱膜式、以及風(fēng)杯式三種。這幾種原理的風(fēng)速儀測(cè)量精度低、范圍小、測(cè)量周期長(zhǎng)、持續(xù)工作時(shí)間短,且測(cè)量結(jié)果易受外部環(huán)境因素的影響。因此不能滿足高效、快速、準(zhǔn)確的現(xiàn)代化軍事和長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作、智能化數(shù)據(jù)處理的風(fēng)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)的需求。 本設(shè)計(jì) 采用壓電式超聲波換能器,使用 AT89S52 單片機(jī)作為控制器,完成了超聲波風(fēng)速測(cè)量 儀的軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)。采用匯編語言編程的方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了測(cè)量結(jié)果的 計(jì)算 和顯示。設(shè)計(jì)完成后能做到 , LED 數(shù)碼顯示清晰穩(wěn)定,測(cè)量結(jié)果穩(wěn)定可靠,測(cè)距儀最大誤差不超過 。 系統(tǒng)硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì) 硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì)主要包括單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)及顯示電路、 鍵盤,溫度補(bǔ)償電路, 超聲波發(fā)射電路和超聲波檢測(cè)接收電路三部分。單片機(jī)采用 89S52 或其兼容系列。采用 高精度的晶振,以獲得較穩(wěn)定時(shí)鐘頻率,減小測(cè)量誤差。 系統(tǒng)采用 555 定時(shí)器產(chǎn)生 145kHz 的方波信號(hào),利用 計(jì)數(shù) T1 口監(jiān)測(cè) 超聲波接收電路 整形濾波后 輸出的返回信號(hào)。顯示電路采用簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用的 4 位共 陰極 LED 數(shù)碼管,段碼用 電阻器 驅(qū)動(dòng),位碼用 PNP 三極管 8550 驅(qū)動(dòng)。 超聲波發(fā)射電路 發(fā)射電路主要由 555 定時(shí)器, 74LS123 構(gòu)成的單穩(wěn)態(tài)觸發(fā)電路、放大環(huán)節(jié), 和超聲波發(fā)射換能器 T 構(gòu)成, LM555 多諧振蕩器端口 3 輸出的 145kHz 的方波信號(hào)一路經(jīng) 觸發(fā)電路,放大電路 后送到超聲波換能器兩端,可以提高超聲波的發(fā)射強(qiáng)度。輸出端采用 加入耦合電容 C4,用以提高 發(fā)射 驅(qū)動(dòng)能力。上位電阻 R6 一方面可以提高 三極管的放大 輸出能力,另一方面可以增加超聲波換能器的阻 尼效果,縮短其自由振蕩時(shí)間。 壓電式超聲波換能器是利用壓電晶體的諧振來工作的 。超聲波換能器內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 在下文中有介紹 ,它有兩個(gè)壓電晶片和一個(gè)換能板。當(dāng)它的兩極外加脈沖信號(hào),其頻率等于壓電晶片的固有振蕩頻率時(shí),壓電晶片會(huì)發(fā)生共振,并帶動(dòng)共振板振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生超聲波,基于單片機(jī)的風(fēng)速測(cè)量?jī)x的設(shè)計(jì) II 這時(shí)它就是一個(gè)超聲波發(fā)生器;反之,如果兩電極間未外加電壓,當(dāng)共振板接收到超聲波時(shí),將壓迫壓電晶片作振動(dòng),將機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)換為電信號(hào),這時(shí)它就成為超聲波接收換能器了。超聲波發(fā)射換能器與接收換能器在結(jié)構(gòu)上稍有不同,使用時(shí)應(yīng)分清器件上的標(biāo)志T 和 R。 超聲波檢測(cè)接收電路 壓電式超聲波換能器 S將收到的超聲信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成電信號(hào),并經(jīng) R R R C C6和 1/4 LM324組成的選頻放大電路放大后,送檢波電路 Dl、 C R10進(jìn)行包絡(luò)檢波,檢出渦街信號(hào)。渦街信號(hào)在電壓比較器和 RC濾波電路構(gòu)成的整形濾波環(huán)節(jié)中與輸入的基準(zhǔn)電壓 1/2Vcc作比較,被整形為與風(fēng)速成正比的矩形波,信號(hào)周期隨檢波信號(hào)變化而變化。 超聲波 風(fēng)速測(cè)量 儀的軟件設(shè)計(jì)主要由主程序 , 超聲波接收程序及顯示 ,鍵盤 子程序 ,溫度補(bǔ)償子程序 組成。我們知道匯編語言程序則具有較高的效率且容易精細(xì)計(jì)算程序運(yùn)行的時(shí)間,而超聲波 風(fēng)速測(cè)量 儀的程序要求精細(xì)計(jì)算( 單位時(shí)間內(nèi)的整形完成的 超聲波矩形方波個(gè)數(shù) 時(shí)),所以控制程序采用匯編語言混合編程。 超聲波測(cè)距儀的算法設(shè)計(jì) 超聲波風(fēng)速傳感器是利用穿過空氣的超聲波被旋渦調(diào)制,從已調(diào)波中檢出旋渦頻率來測(cè)定風(fēng)速的。 F、 S 為一對(duì)諧振頻率相同的超聲波換能器, F 為發(fā)射換能器,發(fā)射 145 kHz 等幅超聲波; S 為接收換能器,接收被旋渦調(diào)制了的聲波。 當(dāng)無旋渦時(shí),接收換能器 S 接收到等幅波信號(hào);有旋渦時(shí),由于旋渦內(nèi)部的壓力梯度和旋渦的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng),導(dǎo)致了超聲波的折射、反射和吸收效應(yīng),使接收到的信號(hào)幅度減小。旋渦通過聲束后 ,接收到的信號(hào)又恢復(fù)常態(tài)。因此,超聲波幅度變化頻率與旋渦的頻率一致,從接收換能器上檢測(cè)出超聲波束幅度變化次數(shù)即可測(cè)得風(fēng)速值。 基本計(jì)算公式為: vf Std? f—— 旋渦頻率, Hz ; v—— 氣流速度, m/ s ; d—— 旋渦發(fā)生體直徑, mm; St—— 斯特拉哈爾系數(shù) (雷諾數(shù)在 200~ 50 000 范圍內(nèi), St 為常數(shù) )。 超聲波旋渦式風(fēng)速傳感器與其它形式的風(fēng)速傳感器相比具有如下優(yōu)點(diǎn): (1)無可動(dòng)部件,無機(jī)械磨損,性能穩(wěn)定,使用壽命長(zhǎng); 華北科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) III (2)輸出本身就是與風(fēng)速成線性關(guān)系的 脈沖頻率信號(hào),沒有零點(diǎn)漂移,且敏感元件靈敏度變化不會(huì)直接影響輸出,測(cè)量精度高; (3)輸出信號(hào)不受流體特性 (溫度、濕度、壓力、成份、密度、粘度、礦塵等 )影響。此類傳感器在煤礦安全監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。 關(guān)鍵詞 :風(fēng)速測(cè)量;卡曼渦街;單片機(jī) AT89C52;溫度補(bǔ)償基于單片機(jī)的風(fēng)速測(cè)量?jī)x的設(shè)計(jì) IV The Design of Ultrasonic Wind Meter Based on SCM Summary: Wind, especially mine safety has important reference value, as the meteorological environment, the most active factor, the victory of the war, weapons performance to play a decisive effect on the use of wind energy, wind resources also requires that there be lengthyaccurate present, the wind speed measurement apparatus main hot wire, hotfilm, and the wind cup of principle of wind speed measured several low precision, range of small, measuring cycle is long, continuous working hours, and the measurement results vulnerable to external environmental not meet the efficient, rapid and accurate modern military and long working hours, intelligent data processing, the demand for wind monitoring. This design uses piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer, using AT89S52 MCU as controller to plete the ultrasonic velocity meter hardware and software language programming method used to achieve the measurement results of the calculation and can be pleted, LED digital display clear and stable, reliable measurements, range finder error is less than / s. System hardware design The hardware design includes single chip systems and display circuit, keyboard, temperature pensation circuit, ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver circuit of three 89S52 or patible with crystal with high precision in order to obtain a stable clock frequency, reducing measurement uses the 555 timer 145kHz square wave signal generated using the count of T1 port monitoring ultrasonic receiver circuit to return plastic filtered output circuit using a simple and practical four mon cathode LED digital tubes, with 74HC244 driver code segment, bit code with the PNP transistor 8550 drives. Ultrasonic transmitter Transmitter mainly by the 555 timer, 74LS123 monostable trigger circuit formed, 華北科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) V enlarged links, and ultrasonic emission transducer T form, LM555 Multivibrator Port 3 output 145kHz square wave signal all the way through trigger circuit, amplifier circuitultrasonic transducer is sent to both ends, can increase the emission intensity adding the output coupling capacitor C4, launching drives to increase resistor R6 on the one hand can increase the output capacity of the amplification transistor, on the other hand can increase the ultrasonic transducer damping effect, shorten the time of its free oscillations. Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers is the use of piezoelectric crystal resonance to the internal structure of ultrasonic transducers are introduced below, it has two chips, and a piezoelectric transducer it39。s poles plus pulse signal, the frequency is equal to the natural oscillation frequency of the piezoelectric chip, the piezoelectric resonance occurs, and promote the vibration of ultrasonic resonance board, then it is an ultrasonic generator。 the other hand, if the two electrodesno applied voltage, when the board receives the ultrasonic resonance, it will be pressure for piezoelectric vibration, the mechanical energy is converted to electrical signals, then it bees an ultrasonic receiver emission transducer and receiver transducer is slightly different in structure, use the device on the signs should be to distinguish between T and R. Ultrasonic detection receiving circuit Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer S will receive the ultrasonic signals into electrical signals, and by R7, R8, R9, C5, C6, and 1 / 4 LM324 amplifier circuit posed of frequency selective amplification, the submission wave circuits Dl, C7, R10 Enveloping, vortex signal signal in the hysteresis voltage parator and R
點(diǎn)擊復(fù)制文檔內(nèi)容
醫(yī)療健康相關(guān)推薦
文庫吧 www.dybbs8.com
公安備案圖鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1