【正文】
河南工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 1 基于 AT89S52 單片機(jī)的聲波測(cè)距儀設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要 隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,超聲波將在傳感器中的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣。但就目前技術(shù)水平來(lái)說(shuō),人們可以具體利用的傳感技術(shù)還十分有限,因此,這是一個(gè)正在蓬勃發(fā)展而又有無(wú)限前景的技術(shù)及產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)域。展望未來(lái),超聲波傳感器作為一種新型的非常重要有用的工具在各方面都將有很大的發(fā)展空間,它將朝著更加高定位高精度的方向發(fā)展,以滿足日益發(fā)展的社會(huì)需求,如聲納的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)基本為:研制具有更高定位精度的被動(dòng)測(cè)距聲納,以滿足水中武器實(shí)施全隱蔽攻擊的需要;繼續(xù)發(fā)展采用低頻線譜檢測(cè)的潛艇拖曳線 列陣聲納,實(shí)現(xiàn)超遠(yuǎn)程的被動(dòng)探測(cè)和識(shí)別;研制更適合于淺海工作的潛艇聲納,特別是解決淺海水中目標(biāo)識(shí)別問題;大力降低潛艇自噪聲,改善潛艇聲納的工作環(huán)境。無(wú)庸置疑,未來(lái)的超聲波傳感器將與自動(dòng)化智能化接軌,與其他的傳感器集成和融合,形成多傳感器。隨著傳感器的技術(shù)進(jìn)步,傳感器將從具有單純判斷功能發(fā)展到具有學(xué)習(xí)功能,最終發(fā)展到具有創(chuàng)造力。在新的世紀(jì)里,面貌一新的傳感器將發(fā)揮更大的作用。 關(guān)鍵詞: 超聲波 測(cè)距 AT89S52 E2PROM 河南工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 2 Abstract With the rapid development of science and technology, ultrasonic sensor will be used more and more , the present level of technology, people can use the specific sensor technology is also very limited, it is a booming and there are unlimited prospects for technical and industrial ahead, the ultrasonic sensor is very important as a new useful tool in all aspects will have a huge space for development, it will be more towards the direction of high positioning accuracy to meet the growing needs of the munity, such as the Audioaccept the basic trends are: development of a higher positioning accuracy of passive ranging sonar, underwater weapons, in order to meet the needs of all covert attacks。 continue to develop the use of lowfrequency line spectrum detection of submarine towed array sonar, ultralongrangepassive detection and identification。 develop more suitable for work in shallow water submarine sonar, especially the shallow underwater target recognition problem。 effort to reduce the submarine from the noise and improve the working environment of submarine is no doubt that the future automation of ultrasonic sensors and intelligent integration with other sensor integration and fusion, the formation of technological advances in sensors, sensor development from a simple function to determine a learning function and, ultimately, to be the new century, new look of the sensor will play a bigger role. Key words: Ultrasonic Wave Distance Measuring AT89S52 E2PROM 河南工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 3 目 錄 前 言 ............................................................................................................................................. 1 第一章 超聲波測(cè)距概述 ...................................................................................................... 2 第二節(jié) 超聲波檢測(cè)的發(fā)展 .................................................................................................. 2 第二節(jié) 超聲波測(cè)距特性 ...................................................................................................... 2 一、超聲波用于距離測(cè)量的優(yōu)勢(shì) ................................................................................... 2 二、超聲波檢測(cè)技術(shù) ....................................................................................................... 3 第二章 超聲波測(cè)距原理 ...................................................................................................... 4 第一節(jié) 超聲波發(fā)生器 ............................................................................................................ 4 第二節(jié) 壓電式超聲波發(fā)生器原理 ........................................................................................ 5 第三節(jié) 超聲波測(cè)距原理 ........................................................................................................ 5 第三章 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)及硬件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................... 6 第一節(jié) 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) .................................................................................................................... 6 第二節(jié) 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................................... 7 一、單片機(jī)電路及主程序 ............................................................................................... 7 二、測(cè)距電路及程序 ..................................................................................................... 10 三、顯示電路及程序 ..................................................................................................... 13 四、數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)電路及程序 ............................................................................................. 17 第四章 系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與誤差分析 ................................................................................... 22 第一節(jié) 系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果 .......................................................................................................... 22 第二節(jié) 誤差分析 .................................................................................................................. 22 第五章 結(jié)論 ........................................................................................................................... 24 參考文獻(xiàn) .................................................................................................................................... 25 附錄 .............................................................................................................................................. 26 致謝 .............................................................................................................................................. 39 河南工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 1 前 言 超聲波指向性強(qiáng),能量消耗緩慢,在介質(zhì)中傳播的距離較遠(yuǎn),因而超聲波經(jīng)常用于距離的測(cè)量,如測(cè)距儀和物 位測(cè)量?jī)x等都可以通過(guò)超聲波來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。利用超聲波檢測(cè)往往比較迅速、方便、計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)單、易于做到實(shí)時(shí)控制,并且在測(cè)量精度方面能達(dá)到工業(yè)實(shí)用的要求,因此在 測(cè)距儀器