【正文】
湖南人文科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文 學(xué)科分類號(hào): ___________ 湖南人文科技學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 題 目: 超聲波測(cè)距器的設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué)生姓名: 學(xué)號(hào) 系 部: 通信與控制工程系 專業(yè)年級(jí): 電信 08 級(jí) 2 班 指導(dǎo)教師: 職 稱: 副教授 湖南人文科技學(xué)院教務(wù)處制 湖南人文科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文 摘 要 本設(shè)計(jì)是以單片機(jī)技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ),實(shí) 現(xiàn)的對(duì)前方物體距離測(cè)量。使用超生波傳感器對(duì)前方物體進(jìn)行感應(yīng),經(jīng)過單片機(jī)中的程序?qū)Τ暡▊鞲衅靼l(fā)射和接收的超聲波信號(hào)進(jìn)行分析和計(jì)算處理,最后將處理結(jié)果在 LED 數(shù)碼管上顯示。本設(shè)計(jì)使用的 STC89C52單片機(jī)的超聲波測(cè)距系統(tǒng) ,是 根據(jù)超聲波在空氣中傳播反射原理 , 把 超聲波傳感器 作為 接口部件 , 利用超聲波在空氣中 傳播 的時(shí)間差來測(cè)量距離 ,設(shè)計(jì)了一套超聲波檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)主要 分為 主控制器模塊、超聲波發(fā)射模塊、超聲波接收模塊和顯示模塊等四個(gè) 基本 模塊構(gòu)成 ,用接收部分接收超聲波。本設(shè)計(jì)利用兩個(gè)中斷,在發(fā)射信號(hào)時(shí),打開定時(shí)器中 斷 0和外部中斷 0 使定時(shí)器計(jì)時(shí),接收到發(fā)射超聲波信號(hào)時(shí),外部中斷0 關(guān)閉中斷,這時(shí)定時(shí)器中斷 0計(jì)錄的時(shí)間就為超聲波傳播經(jīng)過測(cè)距儀到前方物體的來回時(shí)間。利用公式 S=T V/ 2( V 為超生波傳播速度,本設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)定值 340m/s) ,單片機(jī)把處理的距離值 S 并且通過八段 LED 顯示出來。 關(guān)鍵詞 :超聲波;測(cè)距;單片機(jī) 湖南人文科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文 Abstract The design is based on microprocessor technology to achieve the right measurement of the front object distance. transmission distance is far in of ultrasound sensors on the front induction objects, SCM logic analysis and calculate through the procedures of ultrasonic sensors transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals , Finally, after processing the data is in the digital LED tube. Ultrasonic Ranging System Based on AT89C51 ,The ultrasonic system based on the airborne reflection principle ,ultrasonic sensors are interface ponents, used the time gap ultrasonic wave transmit in the air to measure distance with application of SCM technology, be able to design a set of ultrasonic detection system. a controller module design, ultrasonic transmitter module design, ultrasonic receiver and display module 4 module is The system design work. Papers presented the design through ultrasonic sensor (noncontact measurement) measurement ultrasonic sensors are fat Radio emission of ultrasonic, with some receiving ultrasonic receiver. The use of two design interruption when the signal i s launched open timer and external interrupt 0 so that the timer interruption time, When receiving ultrasonic signals to the launch, the external interrupt 0 closed interruption At this time the timer interrupt 0 Total recorded the time is the ultrasonic wave transmission journey between the ultrasonic telemeter and the front objects. Use formula S=T V (V is the ultrasonic wave’s velocity,The design settings 340m/s) microprocessor dispose the distance value displayed on the LED. Keywords: single chip microputer ; ultrasound sensor 湖南人文科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文 目 錄 第一章 緒論 ...................................................................................................................... 3 課題設(shè)計(jì)目的及意義 .................................................................................... 3 設(shè)計(jì)的目的 ............................................................................................ 3 設(shè)計(jì)的意義 ............................................................................................ 3 超聲波測(cè)距儀的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展 ...................................................................... 4 發(fā)展歷史 ..................................................................................... 4 研究現(xiàn)狀 ................................................................................................ 5 本課題研究的主要內(nèi)容 ................................................................................ 6 本設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................................................. 6 第二章 系統(tǒng)方案論證 ...................................................................................................... 3 超聲波測(cè)距儀的設(shè)計(jì)思路 ........................................................................... 3 超聲波測(cè)距原理 ................................................................................... 3 超聲波測(cè)距儀原理框圖 ..................................................................... 3 課題設(shè)計(jì)的要求 ................................................................................... 3 超聲波測(cè)距方法的選擇 ................................................................................ 4 超聲波發(fā)生器選擇 ......................................................................................... 5 超聲波接受傳感器 ......................................................................................... 5 顯示單元選擇 .................................................................................................. 6 第三章 系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................... 7 AT89C51 單片機(jī)的功能及特點(diǎn) ................................................................. 7 主要性能參數(shù) ........................................................................................ 7 湖南人文科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文 功能特性概述 ........................................................................................ 8 單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng) .............................................................................................. 9 超聲波發(fā)射電路 ............................................................................................ 10 超聲波檢測(cè)接收電路 .................................................................................. 11 顯示單元電路 ................................................................................................ 12 12864 液晶資料 .................................................................................. 12 12864 液晶基本特性 ......................................................................... 13 無線發(fā)射與接收電路 ......................................................................