【正文】 洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 基于單片機的 GPS 導(dǎo)航裝置的設(shè)計 摘 要 GPS 是英文 Global Positioning System（全球定位系統(tǒng)）的簡稱。 GPS 技術(shù)在軍事、通訊、勘探、氣象、導(dǎo)航、大地測量等眾多學(xué)科領(lǐng)域得到了極其廣泛的應(yīng)用，推動了科學(xué)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，也豐富了人們的科學(xué)文化生活。因其具有性能好、精度高、應(yīng)用廣的特點，作為先進的測量手段和新的生產(chǎn)力，已經(jīng)融入到了國民經(jīng)濟建設(shè)國防建設(shè)和社會發(fā)展的各個應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。 本次設(shè)計采用 GPS 模塊（ M87），基于單片機 STC89C52 來實現(xiàn) GPS 定位信息顯示系統(tǒng)。本設(shè)計詳細介紹了一 種成本低廉，操作簡單的經(jīng)濟型 GPS 定位系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方案。本方案基于 STC89C52 單片機， LOLUX M87， 12864 液晶顯示屏等硬件，應(yīng)用 C 語言進行編程，可以完成 GPS 信息的提取，顯示時間、經(jīng)度、緯度等信息。分別從硬件設(shè)計和軟件設(shè)計等方面對其做了詳細的闡述，并結(jié)合硬件的特點研究了 STC89C52 單片機如何與 GPS 接收模塊實現(xiàn)串行通信，該系統(tǒng)是根據(jù)GPS 模塊數(shù)據(jù)輸出基本原理設(shè)計而成的。這種設(shè)計精度高、體積小、攜帶方便，可以實現(xiàn)全天候?qū)崟r定位導(dǎo)航。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： GPS，單片機， LOLUX M87， 12864 液晶屏 洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） I Design of GPS positioning system based on singlechip puter ABSTRACT GPS is Global Positioning System in English. GPS technology has obtained extremely widespread application in military, munications, exploration, weather, navigation, geodesy, and many other fields. It promots a rapid development of science and technology and has enriched people39。s scientific and cultural life. It has good performance, high precision, wide application characteristics. As advanced measuring method and the new productive forces, it has been integrated into the national economic construction of national defense construction and social development in various application fields. This design uses the GPS module (M87) to realize the GPS positioning information display system which is based on the microcontrollerSTC89C52. This design detailedly introduces a kind of low cost, simple operation, economical GPS positioning system design scheme. This scheme bases on STC89C52 , LOLUX M87, 12864 LCD screen and other hardware, and apply C language to programme. It can plete the GPS information extraction and display information such as time, longitude, and latitude. Respectively from the hardware design and software design, it has given a detailed elaboration. It bines the characteristics of the hardware to study how STC89C52 singlechip microputer implements serial munication with GPS receiving module. The system is designed based on the basic principle of GPS module data output. The design of high precision has small volume and was convenient to carry, and it can realize the allweather realtime positioning navigation. KEY WORDS： GPS， Single chip microputer， LOLUX M87， LCD12864 洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） II 目 錄 第 1 章 緒論 ...................................................................................... 1 課題背景及意義 ................................................................... 1 論文主要內(nèi)容 ....................................................................... 1 第 2 章 GPS 衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng) ............................................................... 3 GPS 簡介 ............................................................................... 3 GPS 特點 ...................................................................... 3 GPS 用途 ...................................................................... 3 GPS 組成概述 ....................................................................... 4 空間星座部分 ............................................................. 4 地面監(jiān)控部分 ............................................................. 4 用戶設(shè)備部分 ............................................................. 5 GPS 定位基本原理 ................................................................ 5 GPS 通信協(xié)議 ....................................................................... 6 第 3 章 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計 ....................................................................... 8 系統(tǒng)功能 ............................................................................... 8 系統(tǒng)組成 ............................................................................... 8 系統(tǒng)方案的選擇 ................................................................... 8 方案一 ......................................................................... 8 方案二 ......................................................................... 8 定位導(dǎo)航硬件模塊選取 ....................................................... 9 單片機的選取 ............................................................. 9 GPS 模塊的選取 ........................................................... 9 液晶顯示模塊的選取 ................................................. 9 天線的選取 ............................................................... 10 第 4 章 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 ..................................................................... 11 系統(tǒng)總體硬件結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................................. 11 單片機與 GPS 接收機的接口模塊設(shè)計 ............................. 11 單片機 STC89C52 介紹 ............................................ 11 洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） III GPS 模塊 LOLUX M87 介紹 ................................... 15 STC89C52 與 LOLUX M87 的接口電路設(shè)計 ......... 16 單片機與 LCD 顯示模塊接口電路 .................................... 17 LCD12864 介紹 ......................................................... 17 LCD 顯示模塊與 STC89C52 硬件接口設(shè)計 ............. 19 第 5 章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 ..................................................................... 21 系統(tǒng)總流程 ......................................................................... 21 LCD 顯示程序設(shè)計 ............................................................. 21 LCD 模塊初始化 ....................................................... 21 LCD 模塊顯示程序 ................................................... 22 GPS 信息提取 ..................................................................... 22 第 6 章 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試 ............................................................................. 25 硬件調(diào)試 ............................................................................. 25 軟件調(diào)試 ............................................................................. 25 實驗結(jié)果 ............................................................................. 26 結(jié) 論 ..............................................................................................