【正文】 編號(hào) (2022301134) 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) （ 2022 屆本科） 設(shè)計(jì)題目： 基于 STC89C52 單片機(jī)的電子秤功能仿真設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué) 院： 電氣工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè)： 電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化 班 級(jí)： 11 級(jí)電氣一班 作者姓名： 指導(dǎo)教師： 職 稱 : 研究生 完成日期： 2022 年 5 月 1 日 目 錄 基于 51 單片機(jī)的電子秤設(shè)計(jì) .............................................. (2) 中文摘要 .............................................................. (2) 英文摘要 ............................................................... (2) 1 引言 ................................................................. (3) 課題研究背景 ........................................................ (2) 電子衡器的研究現(xiàn)狀 .................................................. (2) 課題的研究意義 ...................................................... (3) 本文的設(shè)計(jì)思路 ...................................................... (4) 2 系統(tǒng)方案論證與硬件選型 ............................................... (5) 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)方案的比較與論證 ........................................ (5) 硬件方案設(shè)計(jì)與論證 .................................................. (6) A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換器的選擇 .................................................... (8) 鍵盤處理部分 方案的論證 .............................................. (9) 顯示器部分的選擇 .................................................... (9) 超量程報(bào)警部分的選擇 ............................................... (10) 3 硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................ (10) STC89C52 單片機(jī)介紹 ................................................ (10) A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換器與 STC89C52 單片機(jī)接口電路 ............................... (11) 顯示電路與 STC89C52 單片機(jī)的接口電路 ............................... (13) 4 主程序設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................... (17) 主程序設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................... (17) 系統(tǒng)主程序流程圖 ................................................... (18) 系統(tǒng)子程序設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................... (19) 5 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試 ............................................................ (20) 調(diào)試過程 ........................................................... (20) 故障分析與解決方案 ................................................. (20) 功能測(cè)試 ........................................................... (21) 精度測(cè)量 ........................................................... (21) 6 結(jié)論 ................................................................ (212) 參考文獻(xiàn) ............................................................. (212) 致 謝 ................................................................. (214) 附錄材料目錄 .......................................................... (25) 附錄 1 ................................................................. (25) 附錄 2 ................................................................ (257) 附錄 3 ................................................................. (28) 1 基于 STC89C52 單片機(jī)的電子秤 功能仿真設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要： 隨著數(shù)字化技術(shù)的快速不斷變化和應(yīng)用，電子稱重技術(shù)同樣也得到了很大的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用，各種數(shù)字化智能化的電子衡器逐漸出現(xiàn)，但商用電子稱作為電子稱重方面重要的一部分，在中小型市場(chǎng)并沒有得到普及，依然以桿秤、臺(tái)秤和普 通電子秤為主的商用電子秤，存在明顯的精度差、容易損壞和難維修等缺陷，特別是在進(jìn)行輕微物體、藥材等的測(cè)量時(shí)誤差更大。 本文設(shè)計(jì)的電子秤主要以 STC89C52 單片機(jī)為核心，通過 Proteus 軟件和 Keil 軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)電子稱的功能仿真設(shè)計(jì)。主要分為五個(gè)模塊：物體重量采集模塊、單片機(jī)處理模塊、鍵盤控制模塊、數(shù)據(jù)顯示模塊以及軟件驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊 [1]。用壓力傳感器采集壓力數(shù)值，通過 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換送給單片機(jī)，單片機(jī)通過重量參數(shù)進(jìn)而選擇 24 位精度值進(jìn)行處理，最后將輸出的稱重值顯示在在 1602LCD液晶上。整個(gè)電子秤系統(tǒng)能夠智能化的實(shí) 現(xiàn)自動(dòng)測(cè)量、自動(dòng)報(bào)警、直接顯示等功能，具有操作方便，測(cè)量準(zhǔn)確，成本比較低、穩(wěn)定性高等特點(diǎn)，可以很好的用于不同的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合，適應(yīng)了中小型市場(chǎng)的需要。 關(guān)鍵詞： 單片機(jī) STC89C52。稱重傳感器 。A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換 。液晶顯示器 2 The design of electronic scales based on 51 MCU Abstract:With the rapid development and application of digital technology, electronic weighing technology has been developed and applied extensively .And a variety of intelligent digital electronic weighing is emerging progressively, but in small and middle market, the mercial electronics, which is an important part of the electronic weighing, is still limited to the simple electronics said such as steelyard, platform scales and simple electronics. All these are known as the main mercial electronic scales, but the existence of accuracy, easily damage, and difficult to repair defects also affect itself. Especially during weighing some minor objects such as tea, medicinal herbs, mistakes is easy to appearance through measuring. This paper, the design of the doubleprecision electronic using microcontroller STC89C52 as the core, achieve the simulation capabilities of electronic design by using Proteus Software and KEIL software. Now dividing this paper into five main modules: how to collect the weight of the object with this doubleprecision electronic said module, how to deal with the data through singlechip machine, how to control keyboard module, the display module and how to drive software module. Fristly, use different pressure sensor to acquire pressure parameters. Secondly the signal processor and A / D conversion work out the data, finally given to the MCU. Thridly according to the data above the MCU will automatically select whether the 24 precision value puting processor. Ultimately the input through the keyboard will be showed on the LCD1602 realtime display. The entire electronic system can intelligently acplish doubleprecision measurement automatically, automatic alarm, visual display, at the same time, it’s easy to operate, accurate measurement, low cost, stability and high reliability. Based on the introduction above ,it can be used in different applications occasions, and it can adapt to the needs of small and mediumsized market. Key Words: Doubleprecision electronic。STC89C52。Load sensor。A/D converter。LCD display 1 引 言 課題研究背景 電子稱重技術(shù)是現(xiàn)代化稱重技術(shù)和系統(tǒng)控制工程的重要基礎(chǔ)之一，從 50 年代中期 開始電子技術(shù)逐漸進(jìn)入到衡器的輔助測(cè)量裝置系統(tǒng)中， 60 年代初期出現(xiàn)機(jī)電結(jié)合式電子稱量系統(tǒng)以來，經(jīng)過 40多年的不斷發(fā)展和完善，從最開始的機(jī)電結(jié)合型發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的全電子型和數(shù)字化智能型，電子衡器稱重技術(shù)經(jīng)過了很長(zhǎng)的發(fā)展，其便于與電子計(jì)算機(jī)緊密結(jié)合而實(shí)現(xiàn)稱重計(jì)數(shù)與過程自動(dòng)控制的特點(diǎn)，在貿(mào)易、能源、冶金、輕工、醫(yī)藥、航天航空等部門得到了廣泛的利用。而衡器作為國(guó)家法定計(jì)量的器具，自古以來就被人們重視，作為一