【正文】 本科畢業(yè)論文 小微企業(yè)融資難原因及解決途徑 姓 名 學(xué) 院 專 業(yè) 指導(dǎo)教師 教授 完成日期 2022 年 6 月 小微企業(yè)融資難原因及解決途徑 摘 要 小 微 企業(yè) 是我國(guó)國(guó)民 經(jīng)濟(jì) 的重要 組成部分 ,在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì) 發(fā)展 中具有大企業(yè)無(wú)法替代的特殊的戰(zhàn)略地位。小企業(yè)作為活躍市場(chǎng)的基本力量 ,容納了社會(huì)上大多數(shù)的就業(yè)人員 ,在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)及解決就業(yè)和再就業(yè)過(guò)程中 ,發(fā)揮著重要作用。 由于企業(yè)自身和我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制等多方面的原因，致使我國(guó)小微企業(yè)普遍存在的融資難的問(wèn)題， 融資難造成小微企業(yè)融資方式單一，融資渠道狹隘，融資結(jié)構(gòu)存在許多缺陷。 融資難 嚴(yán)重制約了我國(guó)小微企業(yè)的發(fā)展速度。 目前的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)對(duì)我國(guó)小微企業(yè)的生存和發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了很 大的影響 ，不少小微企業(yè)因?yàn)槿狈Y金，面臨著即將倒閉的困境，而且從更長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的角度來(lái)看，融資難問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為阻礙小微企業(yè)發(fā)展的主要原因。 本文從我國(guó)小微企業(yè)融資渠道狹窄、自身的財(cái)務(wù)管理水平低、信用意識(shí)薄弱、社會(huì)信用不佳、國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行對(duì)小微企業(yè)貸款存在偏見(jiàn)等方面的融資難原因。借鑒其他國(guó)家對(duì)小微企業(yè)融資支持的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，根據(jù)我國(guó)實(shí)際情況，提出解決小微企業(yè)融資難的辦法，應(yīng)當(dāng)從兩大方面分析。從小微企業(yè)自身出發(fā)，應(yīng)當(dāng)強(qiáng)化企業(yè)自身信用建設(shè)，提高企業(yè)的財(cái)務(wù)管理水平，努力改善企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)狀況，增強(qiáng)企業(yè)自身實(shí)力，提高企業(yè)融資能力，這也是最根本 的措施；從小微企業(yè)外部環(huán)境著手，應(yīng)當(dāng)改善小微企業(yè)融資環(huán)境 (特別是社會(huì)信用環(huán)境 )，大力拓展小微企業(yè)直接融資渠道，建立和健全各項(xiàng)政策法規(guī)，改革稅收機(jī)制和制定有利于小微企業(yè)融資的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，發(fā)展各類社會(huì)融資中介服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)，完善信用擔(dān)保體系。 本文的主要結(jié)論：要解決小微企業(yè)融資難問(wèn)題，需要以銀行為主的金融機(jī)構(gòu)通過(guò)完善自身機(jī)構(gòu)、制度建設(shè)，建立起一整套適應(yīng)小企業(yè)融資的管理機(jī)制。首先，要開(kāi)展小微企業(yè)專營(yíng)機(jī)構(gòu)建設(shè)，建立合理的小微企業(yè)組織架構(gòu)和職能設(shè)置；其次要健全完善小微企業(yè)信貸制度建設(shè)，提高小微企業(yè)授信的審批效率、優(yōu)化審批 流程；第三要科學(xué)制定適應(yīng)小微企業(yè)的信用、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)體系，以合理篩選客戶并實(shí)施風(fēng)險(xiǎn)定價(jià)；第四要加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新，兼顧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化與多樣化的需求，完善產(chǎn)品線建設(shè)。只有銀行、小微企業(yè)、社會(huì)各方共同努力，小微企業(yè)融資難的問(wèn)題才能逐步得以解決。 關(guān)鍵詞： 小微企業(yè)，融資，現(xiàn)狀，對(duì)策 An Empirical Examination of the Relationship Between Corporation Social Responsibility and Profitability Abstract 20th century since the 9039。s, along with the information technology revolution and economic globalization and the advent of the new economic era of social modes of production has changed to the puter, munications and information industry as the main content of the hightech industries to promote economic development as a the leading force, which a large number of small and mediumsized hightech enterprises to the rapid formation and development. China39。s SMEs are an important part of the national economy, in economic and social development can not be replaced with the large enterprises of the special strategic business market as the basic active forces in society to acmodate the majority of workers, in promoting economic growth and address the employment and reemployment process, plays an important role. The development of small and mediumsized the need for a strong financial support, but because of their own and China39。s economic system, and many other reasons, led to China39。s difficulties in financing for small and mediumsized widespread problem, causing difficulties in financing for small and mediumsized single mode of financing, the financing channels for narrowminded, There are many deficiencies in the financing structure. Financing small and medium enterprises has seriously hampered the pace of development in China. The current global economic crisis on China39。s survival and development of SMEs have had a great impact because of the lack of funding, many SMEs are faced with the plight of imminent collapse, but from a longterm perspective, the issue of financing has bee an obstacle to small and mediumsized the main reasons for enterprise development. Want to solve the survival and development of small and mediumsized obstacles, to try to solve the financing problem of SMEs is an effective way. In the current context of economic crisis, what kind of financing solutions to small and mediumsized problem is worth exploring. This article focuses on small and medium enterprises financing in China for the financing of the current situation and problems in the process, analyze the causes and solutions to explore ways to improve the status of SME financing, broaden its financing channels to make some suggestions to solve the financing problem of SMEs in China, China to speed up the development of SMEs, and promote the development of China39。s national economy. Key words: Small and mediumsized enterprise, financing, Countermeasures 目 錄 中文摘要 ABSTRACT 第 1 章 緒論 ............................................... 1 選題背景和理論意義 .............................. 1 文獻(xiàn)綜述 ........................................ 1 國(guó)外文獻(xiàn)回顧 ............................. 1 國(guó)內(nèi)文獻(xiàn)回顧 ............................. 2 研究?jī)?nèi)容與方法 .................................. 3 基本思路 ................................. 3 研究方法 ................................. 3 研究路線 ................................. 4 研究?jī)?nèi)容 ................................. 4 第 2 章 小微企業(yè)的概述 ..................................... 5 小微企業(yè)界定 .................................... 5 小微企業(yè)特征及作用 .............................. 6 小微企業(yè)的特征 ........................... 6 小微企業(yè)的作用 ........................... 6 小微企業(yè)融資現(xiàn)狀分析 ............................ 7 我國(guó)小微企業(yè)融資缺口現(xiàn)狀分析 ............. 7 小微企業(yè)融資渠道現(xiàn)狀分析 ................. 9 小微企業(yè)融資成本現(xiàn)狀分析 ................ 10 第 3 章 我國(guó)小微企業(yè)融資難成 因分析 ........................ 11 從小微企業(yè)自身層面分析 ......................... 11 小微企業(yè)信用觀念缺失 .................... 11 小微企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)管理水平低 .................. 12 小微企業(yè)貸款缺乏足夠的抵押擔(dān)保 .......... 13 小微企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大 ...................... 14 金融機(jī)構(gòu)層面因素 ............................... 14 國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行對(duì)小微企業(yè)貸款存在偏見(jiàn) ...... 14 信息不對(duì)稱導(dǎo)致增加銀行信息成本 .......... 15 缺少適應(yīng)小微企業(yè) 客戶的信貸產(chǎn)品 .......... 15 市場(chǎng)環(huán)境制約，融資渠道單一 .............. 16 政府層面因素 ................................... 17 國(guó)家法律不完善，不能為小微企業(yè)融資提供有 效保護(hù) ......................................... 18 小微企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保體系不完善 .............. 18 缺乏風(fēng)險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制 ........................ 19 第 4 章 國(guó)外發(fā)展小微企業(yè)融資渠道的經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒 ................ 21 美國(guó)對(duì)小微企業(yè)融資的支持和幫助 ................. 21 英國(guó)對(duì)發(fā)展小微企業(yè)融資的支持和幫助 ............. 21 歐盟對(duì)發(fā)展小微企業(yè)融資的支持和幫助 ............. 22 日本對(duì)小微企業(yè)融資的支持和幫助 ................. 22 第 5 章 小微企業(yè)融資難解決對(duì)策 ............................ 21 企業(yè)本身方面 .................................. 22 加強(qiáng)企業(yè)自身信用建設(shè)，樹(shù)立良好的企業(yè)形象 22 加強(qiáng)企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)管理，確保會(huì)計(jì)信息真實(shí) ...... 23 完善小微企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)信息披露平臺(tái)的建設(shè) ...... 24 加快小微企業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整 .......... 25 金融機(jī)構(gòu)方面 .................................. 26 加大支持力度 ............................ 26 推出 適宜的小微企業(yè)短頻急需求貸款產(chǎn)品 .... 26