大學(xué)生物專業(yè)英語(yǔ)lessonth(已修改)
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【正文】 College of Life Sciences Hubei Normal University 2022/2/10 1 Lesson three Cellular reproduction: mitosis and meiosis College of Life Sciences Hubei Normal University 2022/2/10 2 repository , 智囊團(tuán) , 知識(shí)庫(kù) , 倉(cāng)庫(kù) chromosome n.[生物 ]染色體 histone n.[生化 ]組蛋白 nucleosome n.[生化 ]核小體 chromatin , 染色質(zhì) pictorial karyotype n.[生物 ] 染色體組型 homologous pair 同源染色體對(duì) autosome , 常染色體 College of Life Sciences Hubei Normal University 2022/2/10 3 diploid , haploid n.[生物 ]單倍體 immortal Chalone n.[生化 ]抑素 prophase n. (細(xì)胞分裂 )前期 chromatid n.[生物 ]染色單體 centromere n.[生 ]著絲點(diǎn) , 著絲粒 metaphase anaphase n.[生 ](細(xì)胞分裂的 )后期 College of Life Sciences Hubei Normal University 2022/2/10 4 Telophase n.[生 ](細(xì)胞有絲分裂的 )末期 kiochore n.[生 ]動(dòng)粒 , 著絲粒 , 著絲點(diǎn) cytokinesis , 原漿移動(dòng) pinching cell plate 細(xì)胞板 mitosis meiosis , 成熟分裂 College of Life Sciences Hubei Normal University 2022/2/10 5 Halving 對(duì)分 , 二等分 , 減半 Synapsis 聯(lián)會(huì) synaptinemal plex 聯(lián)會(huì)復(fù)合物 Asexual , 無性生殖的 catastrophic , 災(zāi)難的 Elimination , 除去 , 消除 , 消滅 College of Life Sciences Hubei Normal University 2022/2/10 6 1. The nucleus and chromosomes College of Life Sciences Hubei Normal University 2022/2/10 7 The cell nucleus is the main repository of geic information. 細(xì)胞核是貯藏遺傳信息的主要場(chǎng)所 。 Within the nucleus are the chromosomes—tightly coiled strands of DNA and clusters of associated proteins. 細(xì)胞核里的是染色體－－緊密盤繞成螺旋的 DNA鏈和相關(guān)的成簇蛋白質(zhì) 。 College of Life Sciences Hubei Normal University 2022/2/10 8 Long stretches of the continuous DNA molecule wind around these clusters of proteins, or histones, forming beadlike plexes known as nucleosomes. 長(zhǎng)鏈 DNA分子纏繞著成簇的蛋白質(zhì) ， 或組蛋白 ，形成珠鏈狀的核小體 。 College of Life Sciences Hubei Normal University 2022/2/10 9 More coiling and supercoiling produces a dense chromosome structure. 進(jìn)一步的螺旋和超螺旋形成致密的染色體組結(jié)構(gòu) 。 Each long strand of DNA bine with histones and nonhistone proteins to make up the substance chromatin. 每個(gè)長(zhǎng)鏈 DNA與組蛋白和非組蛋白一起構(gòu)成染色質(zhì)物質(zhì) 。 College of Life Sciences Hubei Normal University 2022/2/10 10 A pictorial display of an anism39。s chromosomes in the coiled, condensed state is known as a karyotype. 生物體中的致密的超螺旋狀態(tài)的染色體的表型稱為核型 Karyotype reveal that in most cells all but sex chromosomes are present as two copies, referred to as homologous pairs. 表型顯示：在大多數(shù)細(xì)胞里 ， 除了性染色體外 ， 其它的染色體都是成對(duì)出現(xiàn)的 ， 稱之為同源染色體對(duì) 。 College of Life Sciences Hubei Normal University 2022/2/10 11 Nonsex chromosomes are called autosomes. 非性染色體稱常染色體 。 Organisms whose cells contain two sets of parental chromosomes are called diploid。 those with cells containing a single set of parental chromosomes are called haploid.
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