【正文】 （ 2022） 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 題 目 On Inevitability of Willy Loman’s Tragedy in Death of a Salesman 論《推銷員之死》中威利 羅曼的悲劇必 然性 專 業(yè) 英語 院 系 外國語學(xué)院 學(xué) 號 0904020228 姓 名 楊兆昕 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 高建國 導(dǎo)師 2022 年 5 月綿陽師范學(xué)院 2022 屆本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 1 論《推銷員之死》中威利 羅曼的悲劇必然性 學(xué)生姓名：楊兆昕 指導(dǎo)教師：高建國 摘 要 : 《推銷員之死》是美國著名戲劇大師阿瑟米勒的 作品 ，被譽(yù)為“美國夢不在”的代表作。這部作品完成于 1949 年，它在百老匯的首 演就取得了巨大的成功 ， 許多評論家把這部戲劇看作美國第一部杰出的悲劇 。這部作品的主人公威利羅曼是一個普通的推銷員，然而各種沖突把他推向了死亡，他的悲劇命運(yùn)是不可避免的。本論文將以黑格爾的悲劇理論為基礎(chǔ)對威利羅曼的悲劇必然性進(jìn)行分析。本論文分為兩大部分，分別是對當(dāng)時社會大背景的分析以及 對 作品中 人物之間 沖突的分析 ，通過這些分析得出其悲劇命運(yùn)的必然性。并 通過對威利羅曼的悲劇必然性的分析，探究作家對當(dāng)時社會的態(tài)度，以及這種悲劇的普遍性，從而挖掘其現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 關(guān)鍵詞 : 推銷員之死 ； 悲劇 ； 必然性；矛盾沖突；社會現(xiàn) 實(shí) 綿陽師范學(xué)院 2022 屆本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 2 On Inevitability of Willy Loman’s Tragedy in Death of a Salesman Undergraduate: Yang Zhaoxin Supervisor: Gao Jianguo Abstract: Death of a salesman is a famous work of the great American playwright Arthur Miller, which is a typical work about absence of American dream. The play premiered on Broadway in February 1949 and made a great success. Some reviewers view it as one of the great tragedies in American literature. The protagonist is a salesman named Willy Loman but all kinds of conflicts led to his final death. This thesis makes a thorough research on the inevitability of Willy Loman’s tragedy in Death of a Salesman on the basis of Hegel39。s theory of tragedy. The thesis mainly includes two parts: one is the analysis of the social environment, the other is the analysis of conflicts in this work, through which we can get the conclusion that Willy’s tragedy is inevitable. This thesis also makes a research about the writer’s attitude towards the social reality at that time and the universality of Willy’s tragedy. Key Words: Death of a salesman, tragedy, inevitability, conflicts, social reality 綿陽師范學(xué)院 2022 屆本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 2. The social background of Death of a Salesman .......................................................... 1 The social factors in the 1940s .............................................................................. 2 The influence of social background on the tragic plot .......................................... 2 The influence of social background on the tragic character ................................. 3 The influence of social background on the inevitability of the tragedy ................ 4 3. The conflicts in Willy Loman’s life ............................................................................ 4 The conflict between Willy’s American dream and the reality ............................ 4 The conflict between Willy and his sons .............................................................. 6 The conflict between Willy and other characters ................................................. 7 4. The inevitability of Willy Loman’s tragedy ............................................................... 8 5. Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 10 Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 11 Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................ 12 綿陽師范學(xué)院 2022 屆本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 1 1. Introduction Arthur Miller is a great American playwright and essayist. Death of a Salesman is generally acknowledged as his most remarkable masterpiece, which makes him well known around the world. It was the recipient of the 1949 Pulitzer Prize for Drama and Tony Award for Best Play. The play premiered on Broadway in February 1949, which caused a tremendous sensation. Such a play full of melancholy and tragedy actually stirred the whole literary world and still occupied an important position in American literary. Death of a salesman tells a story of a fournumber family, in which each of them is busy all day to satisfy their inner desire. Willy Loman, the protagonist of the play, is an ordinary salesman. He is 60 years old and very unstable, tending to imagine events from the past as if they are real. There is an irreconcilable conflict between Willy’s dream and the reality. Linda Loman is Willy39。s wife. She always smiles and nods when Willy talks unrealistically about hopes for the future. They have two sons, Biff and Happy, who also have their respective problems in their life. The conflicts still exist between Willy and other characters. Willy’s family was under great depress, and Willy got some metal illness. Their life is not so smooth and everyone in this family is weighted down by life. As Hegel argued that the tragedy is caused by conflicts. All the conflicts are divided into two groups. Firstly, some conflicts are caused by objective factors. Then the rest of conflicts are caused by psychological status, which are the most ideal conflicts in Hegel’s opinion. All conflicts would lead to two results, die or peace1. Brooks Atkinson， the famous critic of the New York Times, ever said, “Death of a salesman is a great work filled with humanistic concern. That is because Mr. Miller sympathetically had a insight into the inner world of ordinary Americans and quietly presented the pain into the stage.” In China, many scholars speak highly of this great play. Ying Ruocheng, a famous translator and performing artist in China