講厭氧消化技術ppt課件(已修改)
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【正文】 厭氧消化技術 Technology of Anaerobic Digestion 張無敵 Email: 云南師范大學省農村能源工程重點實驗室 Part 2 主要內容 History Threestage of Anaerobic Digestion Rural Biogas Biogas Engineering History In 1630, van Helment, the first man noted biogas In 1776, A. Volta discovered “flammable air” In 1806, W. Henry pointed out “flammable air” is CH4 In 1808, H. Davy produced manure gas with cow dung In 1866, Bechamp think methane production is a microbial process In 1875, Popoff researched methane fermentation In 1883, Gayon researched anaerobic digestion In the last of 19th, Louis Mouras built the first digester treating waste water in France. In 1896, Exeter of Britain built digester treating sewage, sludge gas used for lighting street. In 1900, Matunga of India built biogas digester with human excrement as feedstock. In 1901, S246。hngen brought forward the concept of methane bacteria. In 1916, Omeliansky first isolated a strain of methane bacteria Methanobacterium omelianskii. In 1930 amp。 1934, van Niel brought forward a theory of carbon dioxide reduction methane. 4H2A＝ 4A＋ 8H CO2＋ 8H＝ CH4＋ 2H2O Total reaction： 4H2A＋ CO2＝ 4A＋ CH4＋ 2H2O In 1936, using chemically synthesized media to culture river sludge, Barker obtained a kind of microanism being better suitable for fermentation of alcohol, propanol and butanol. At the same time, Heukelekian amp。 Heinmann reported a technique for calculating the number of methane bacteria. In 1948, Buswell amp。 Sollo founded out theory of direct conversion from methyl group to methane： 14CH3COOH＝ 14CH4＋ CO2 CD3COOH＋ H2O＝ CD3H＋ CO2＋ H2O 4CH3OH＋ D2O＝ 3CH3D＋ CO2 In 1956, Barker’s hypothesis, it is thought that methane is formed through two pathways. During the process, methyl group of acetic acid is directly reduced to methane and that carboxyl group of acetic acid is converted to carbon dioxide, and then the latter is again reduced to form methane. In 1940, H. A. Barker first isolated and cultivated methanogens with barker tube. In 1950, R. E. Hungate established anaerobic technique which greatly contributed to the research of methanogens. In 1965, Hungate technique was developed by Bryant. In 1967, Bryant purified Methanobacterium omelianskii and identified it, being a union of Methanobacterium MOH and “S” anic strain, the union is interspecies H2transfer. A. ppHOH+K2CO3 Tube (Barker 1940) B. Hungate Roll Tube (1950) C. Hungate Beef Soup Tube (1960) D. Balch Tube (1976) A B C D In 1956, Methanobacteriaceae was first summed up in one family, including 4 genera and 9 species by Barker In 1974, in the Bergy’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology(8th edition), methanogen was summed up in one f
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