動(dòng)詞不定式2ppt課件(已修改)
2024-11-15 18:13 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 動(dòng)詞不定式 動(dòng)詞的變化形式之一 成分分析 ? 不定式，即“不一定是什么詞性的成分”，可當(dāng)作名詞、形容詞和副詞來(lái)使用，所以，不定式，就是 除了當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)之外的任何其他成分。 ? 動(dòng)名詞，相當(dāng)于名詞，因此動(dòng)名詞在句中主要充當(dāng)： 主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)以及表語(yǔ)。 ? 分詞，相當(dāng)于形容詞和副詞，因此在句中主要充當(dāng)： 定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 第一節(jié) 不定式充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞? ? 句型： It + to do sth. (作主語(yǔ) ) ? It + to do sth. 句型 ? 不定式作主語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的是用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)，放在句首，將真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）放在句子后面 ? It is easy to be wise after the event. ? It is easier to spend money than to make money. ? It is better to love someone you can’t have than to have someone you can’t love. ? 注意：此處形式主語(yǔ) it 不能用 this 或 that 來(lái)替換。 ? This is impossible for people to stare directly at the sun. ? 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)也可直接置于句首作主語(yǔ)，此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。 ? To err is human。 to five, divine. ? To love for the sake of being loved is human, but to love for the sake of loving is angelic. 動(dòng)詞 + to do (賓語(yǔ) ) ? 1. 直接跟在一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)。這時(shí)句子有以下兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)： ? 第一，句子主語(yǔ)和不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是一致的，即兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作都是由全局主語(yǔ)發(fā)出。 ? 第二，這時(shí)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多是 描寫(xiě)態(tài)度 ；不定式的動(dòng)詞則 說(shuō)明行為 。 ? I hope to see you again. ? This pany refused to cooperate with us. ? He promised not to tell anyone about it. ? Why should anyone bother _____ his treasure to help a stranger? ? A. risking to lose B. to risk losing ? C. risking losing D. to risk to lose ? Afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, consent, dare, decide, determine, expect, fail, fet, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, regret, remember, seem, start, swear, trouble, try, want, wish, etc. ? 2. 在一些動(dòng)詞之后，可以在連接代詞 （ what, who, which）或者連接副詞（ How， when, where）及連詞 whether 后面接一個(gè)to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。我們可以將這種結(jié)構(gòu)看成是連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)略形式。 ? I wonder who to invite. (= who I should invite) ? Show us what to do. (= what we must do) ? I don’t know whether to answer his letter.(此處不用 If) ? 類似動(dòng)詞還有 : ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, fet, find out, guess, imagine, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, teach, think, understand, wonder, etc. ? 動(dòng)詞 + it + 賓補(bǔ) （名詞或形容詞） + 賓語(yǔ) to do (作賓語(yǔ)的不定式后置 ) ? 此時(shí)，往往用 it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面。常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞有： consider, think, judge, feel, make, etc. ? I think it hard to answer the question in one go. ? He feels it challenging to be a marketing supervisor. ? Using many symbols makes ____ to put a large amount of information on a single map. ? A. possible B. it is possible C. it possible ? D. that possible ? The development of steel nibs makes it possible to develop pens. ? The development of steel nibs makes it possible that people can develop pens. ? The development of steel nibs makes possible the development of pens. 句型 3：動(dòng)詞 + sb+ to do sth. ? 成分：賓補(bǔ) ? They don’t allow people to smoke in the theater. ? The children declared the meeting to be over. ? Allow me to drink to your success. ? In hot, dry regions, the Sun’ heat causes the outer laye
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