【正文】 遼寧石油化工大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）用紙 I 直流電動機錯位無環(huán)流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 摘 要 直流電動機具有良好的起制動性能，易于在廣泛范圍內(nèi)平滑調(diào)速，在需要高性能可控電力拖動的領(lǐng)域中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。直流拖動控制系統(tǒng)在理論上和實踐上都比較成熟，它是交流拖動控制系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)，所以首先應(yīng)該掌握直流系統(tǒng)。 從生產(chǎn)機械要求控制的物理量來看，電力拖動自動控制系統(tǒng)有調(diào)速系統(tǒng)，位置隨動系統(tǒng)，張力控制系統(tǒng)，多電動機同步控制系統(tǒng)等多種類型，而各種系統(tǒng)往往都是通過控制轉(zhuǎn)速來實現(xiàn)的，因而調(diào)速系統(tǒng)是最基本的拖動控制系統(tǒng)。在許多生產(chǎn)機械中，常要求電動機既能正反轉(zhuǎn)，又能快速制動，需 要四象限運行的特性，此時必須采用可逆調(diào)速系統(tǒng)。 直流電機是最常見的一種電機，研究直流電機的控制和測量方法，對提高控制精度和響應(yīng)速度、節(jié)約能源等都具有重要意義。電機調(diào)速問題一直是自動化領(lǐng)域比較重要的問題之一。不同領(lǐng)域?qū)τ陔姍C的調(diào)速性能有著不同的要求，因此，不同的調(diào)速方法有著不同的應(yīng)用場合。 直流電動機可逆無環(huán)流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)分為兩類： (1)邏輯無環(huán)流可逆調(diào)速系統(tǒng)。 (2)錯位無環(huán)流可逆調(diào)速系統(tǒng)。錯位無環(huán)流可逆直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)與邏輯無環(huán)流可逆直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)不同，基本區(qū)別在于前者不以 “邏輯控制 ”的方法遏制環(huán)流，而采用所謂 “ 錯位 ”原理以遏制環(huán)流，從根本上切斷了環(huán)流的通路，確保系統(tǒng)主電路在任何時刻、任何狀態(tài)、任何條件下只有一組整流裝置工作。所以，錯位無環(huán)流可逆直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)中不存在任何的環(huán)流。錯位無環(huán)流直流可逆調(diào)速系統(tǒng)是直流可逆調(diào)速系統(tǒng)中較為完善的一種控制方式，采用錯位控制，消除靜態(tài)環(huán)流，并在調(diào)速系統(tǒng)中采用轉(zhuǎn)速環(huán)、電流環(huán)和電壓內(nèi)環(huán)三閉環(huán)的結(jié)構(gòu)，三環(huán)對系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運行都有影響。其中，電壓內(nèi)環(huán)的作用和意義非常重要： ，提高切換的快速性； ，保證電流安全換向； 遼寧石油化工大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）用紙 II 本文 通過討論直流電機調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的控制方法，應(yīng)用 Matlab 仿真來設(shè)計直流電機錯位無環(huán)流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：直流電動機 ， 錯位無環(huán)流 ， Matlab 遼寧石油化工大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）用紙 III Abstract The DC motor has a good starting and braking performance, easy to smooth the governor, in a broad range has been widely applied in the field of highperformance controllable electric drive. DC drive control systems in the theory and practice more mature, it is the foundation of the AC Drivecontrol system should first master the DC system. The control of physical quantities from the production machinery, electric drive automatic control system has a speed control system, position servo system, tension control system, multimotor synchronous control system and other types, a variety of systems are often by controlling the speed to achieve, and thus the speed control system is the most basic drag control systems. In many production machinery, and often require the motor not only rotating, but also rapid braking, you need fourquadrant operation characteristics, must be reversible speed control system. The DC motor is the most mon type of motor,obtains the widespread application in various of DC motor39。s control and the measuring technique,to improve the control precision and response speed, energy saving etc have important significance. Motor speed control problem has been one of important problems in automation field parison. Different areas for motor speed regulation performance have different requirements,therefore, different control methods have different application occasions. This paper discusses the DC motor speed control system control method, to understand the status of DC motor speed control method. DC motor speed control system of reversible without circulating current are divided into two categories： (1)Logic non circulating current reversible speed control system. (2) the dislocation free circulation reversible speed control system. Dislocation free 遼寧石油化工大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）用紙 IV circulation reversible DC speed control system with logic non circulating current reversible DC speed regulating system is different, the fundamental difference lies in that the former is not to control curb circulation, the socalled dislocation principle to curb circulation, fundamentally cut off circulation channel, ensure the main circuit of the system at any time, any condition, any under the conditions of only one group of rectifying device. So, there is no dislocation without any circulation circulation reversible DC speed regulating system. Dislocation free circulation reversible DC speed regulating system is a kind of control mode of DC reversible speed control system, adopts the displacement control, eliminate the static circulation, and the speed loop, current loop and voltage loop three, loop in the speed control system, three ring has an effect on the system stable operation of line. Among them, the very important function and significance of voltage loop: 1 reduced voltage regulation dead zone, improve the rapid switching。 2 to prevent the dynamic circulation, to ensure that current safe mutation。 3 inhibition of various nonlinear factors adverse effect on system dynamic quality This paper discusses the control method of DC motor speed control system, the application of Matlab simulation to design the DC motor speed control system of dislocation free circulation. Keywords: DC motor； Dislocation free circulation； Matlab 遼寧石油化工大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）用紙 V 目 錄 1 緒論 ......................................................................................................................................1 選題的目的及意義 .....................................................................................................1 直流傳動系統(tǒng)概述 .....................................................................................................1 電力拖動的基本概述 .......................................................................................1 直流傳動控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)展概況 ...........................................................................2 錯位無環(huán)流 調(diào)速系統(tǒng)簡介 ..............................................................................3 控制系統(tǒng)的計算機仿真 ................................................................................4 設(shè)計主要內(nèi)容 ............................................................................................................4 論文的結(jié)構(gòu) .................................................................................................................5 2 錯位控制無環(huán)流可逆調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的原理 ..............................................................................6 可逆調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的原理 .................................................................................................6 環(huán)流的介紹 ................................................................................................................7 環(huán)流的定義 ......................................................................................................7 環(huán)流的分類 .........................................