lessonfromcompetitveexperience(已修改)
2025-06-10 16:10 本頁面
【正文】 2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 1 Lessons from Competitve Experiences . Fischer CEIBS, Shanghai February 1, 1999 2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 2 Understanding Rivalry: The Heart of the Competitive Equation 2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 3 The Nature of Economic Inquiry ?the focus of economics [from a Western, marketoriented perspective] has largely been on how well an economy allocates resources, given preferences and technologies. Richard R. Nelson especially where firms are the principal allocating agents 2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 4 The Nature of the Players ?economists tend to see firms as players in a multiactor economic game ... Richard R. Nelson 2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 5 The Nature of Rivalry The essence of rivalry is a striving for potentially inpatible positions ? Frederic M. Scherer ?the jockeying for share by firms within a market. Besanko, Dranove amp。 Shanley 2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 6 Who are these 揻 irms?and what are their roles? Some fundamental assumptions 搮 an entity run by agents of the capitalowning principals with the sole objective of maximizing the profits of the latter 厰 Ronald Dore thus, in 搈 odern?market economy, we can separate management from ownership... 2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 7 Other Underlying Assumptions ? profits [surpluses] being seen as a signal of performance in a market ? a faith in market allocation of resources in plex situations over government allocation because the customer is voting with their purchases ? the maximization of the overall social welfare function by the accumulation of numerous personal decisions the customer being seen as being in the best position to determine what they want 2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 8 Establishing the Arena [A market is] that set of suppliers and demanders whose trading establishes the price of a good. Gee Stigler amp。 Robert Sherwin Customers Suppliers Rivalry 2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 9 In such a classical market setting, it is important to consider economies of scale ? The history of the industrial revolution was one of economies of scale. 2020/7/6 10 The Centrality of Scale Economies ? The Economics of the Industrial Revolution Static Economies Dynamic Economies Cost per Unit Rated Capacity of Facility Cost per Unit Cumulative Production of A Standardized Item Theoretical 2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 11 In such a classical market setting, it is important to consider economies of scale ? The history of the industrial revolution was one of economies of scale. ? In markets where consumers are price sensitive, larger firms can use their cost advantage to gain an appreciable advantage over smaller firms. ? In the US, it has been shown that firm size is positively correlated with profitability. ? However, cause and effect are not wellestablished. ? Also, larger shares for some, mean lower shares for others. 20
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